Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults with and without major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of disability globally and an emerging body of evidence suggests that dietary components, including flavonoids, may impact depression-related biochemical pathways. Further research that characterizes dietary intake of flavonoids in diverse population groups, including people with MDD and explores the relationship between flavonoid intake and depression is needed. This study aimed to determine dietary flavonoid and subclass intake and assess the association with depressive symptomatology in a sample of adults with and without MDD.

Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis is associated with a low incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome and perioperative complications.

Background: Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (IFDVT) is associated with an incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) of up to 50%. PTS is associated with high morbidity, impaired quality of life and a significant economic burden. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of a single session pharmacomechanical thrombectomy (PMT), dedicated venous stents and a risk mitigation protocol on the rate of PTS.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α in major depressive disorder: Sex-specific associations with psychological symptoms.

The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α are associated with major depressive disorder, psychological distress, cardiovascular health and obesity. However, there is limited research that has examined multiple associations between these variables, particularly among individuals with major depressive disorder who are treatment free, in comparison with a control cohort, and including analyses of sex differences. In this study, data were analysed from 60 individuals with major depressive disorder and 60 controls, including plasma IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α, adiposity measures (body mass index, waist circumference), cardiovascular health indices (blood pressure, heart rate) and psychological symptoms (depressive severity, anxiety, hostility, stress).

Objective Measures of Strain and Subjective Muscle Soreness Differ Between Positional Groups and Season Phases in American College Football.

Purpose: To assess objective strain and subjective muscle soreness in "Bigs" (offensive and defensive line), "Combos" (tight ends, quarterbacks, line backers, and running backs), and "Skills" (wide receivers and defensive backs) in American college football players during off-season, fall camp, and in-season phases.

Methods: Twenty-three male players were assessed once weekly (3-wk off-season, 4-wk fall camp, and 3-wk in-season) for hydroperoxides (free oxygen radical test [FORT]), antioxidant capacity (free oxygen radical defense test [FORD]), oxidative stress index (OSI), countermovement-jump flight time, Reactive Strength Index (RSI) modified, and subjective soreness. Linear mixed models analyzed the effect of a 2-within-subject-SD change between predictor and dependent variables.

Outcomes of dedicated iliac venous stents during pregnancy and postpartum.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of dedicated iliac venous stents during subsequent pregnancy and postpartum, including stent patency and stent integrity, as well as incidence of venous thromboembolism and bleeding complications.

Methods: This study included retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients attending a private vascular practice. Women of child-bearing age who had received dedicated iliac venous stents were included in a surveillance program and then, for any subsequent pregnancies, followed the same pregnancy care protocol.

Associations among maternal characteristics, labour interventions, delivery mode and maternal antenatal complications in a NSW large rural town, and comparison to NSW state data.

Objective: To determine associations between maternal characteristics, labour interventions, delivery mode and maternal antenatal complications in a NSW rural hospital, and compare these to state data.

Methods: Data (maternal characteristics, labour type, delivery mode and maternal antenatal complications) pertaining to women who had delivered a singleton birth at Griffith Base hospital were analysed.

Design: Retrospective data analysis of Griffith Base Hospital 'eMaternity' database SETTING: Single large rural town in NSW.

Cortisol in relation to problematic eating behaviours, adiposity and symptom profiles in Major Depressive Disorder.

Aims: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease related to weight gain, problematic eating behaviours and neuroendocrine changes. MDD is frequently associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and cortisol secretion, where cortisol has been implicated in regulating energy balance, food intake and depressogenic weight changes. However, little research has examined the relationships between cortisol, adiposity and depressogenic problematic eating behaviours.

The Association Between Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Cortisol, and Commonly Used Objective and Subjective Markers of Fatigue in American Collegiate Football.

Purpose: To assess associations between a free oxygen radical test (FORT), free oxygen radical defense test (FORD), oxidative stress index, urinary cortisol, countermovement jump (CMJ), and subjective wellness in American college football.

Methods: Twenty-three male student athlete American college football players were assessed over 10 weeks: off-season conditioning (3 wk), preseason camp (4 wk), and in season (3 wk). Assessments included a once-weekly FORT and FORD blood sample, urinary cortisol sample, CMJ assessment including flight time, reactive strength index modified and concentric impulse, and a daily subjective wellness questionnaire.

Plasma prolactin is higher in major depressive disorder and females, and associated with anxiety, hostility, somatization, psychotic symptoms and heart rate.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to poor physical health including an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease (CMD), yet the underlying physiology of this relationship is not clear. One pathophysiological mechanism that may underlie this relationship is neuroendocrine dysregulation, including that of the hormone prolactin. Prolactin has a role in the regulation of stress, and it is linked to anxiety, hostility, and weight gain, which are all implicated in MDD and increased CMD risk.

Transabdominal duplex ultrasound and intravascular ultrasound planimetry measures of common iliac vein stenosis are significantly correlated in a symptomatic population.

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to determine the validity of transabdominal duplex ultrasound (TAUS) against the reference standard of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examinations for the detection of iliac vein obstruction (IVO).

Methods: We analyzed the data from patients at a private vascular laboratory who had undergone IVUS investigation with an intention to treat because of symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and a high suspicion of IVO. These patients had also previously undergone a TAUS examination at the same location.

Common iliac vein obstruction in a symptomatic population is associated with previous deep venous thrombosis, and with chronic pelvic pain in females.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of common iliac vein obstruction, gonadal vein incompetence, and renal vein compression/stenosis and to ascertain which referral reasons were associated with common iliac vein obstruction and gonadal vein incompetence in a population symptomatic for chronic venous insufficiency.

Methods: Data were obtained from patients, at least 18 years old, who were referred to a private vascular laboratory for venous duplex ultrasound examination between 2016 and 2017. Transabdominal ultrasound was used to assess the iliac, gonadal, and renal veins in a dedicated protocol.

Cognitive Distortions in Relation to Plasma Cortisol and Oxytocin Levels in Major Depressive Disorder.

Unlabelled: Negative thinking is prominent in major depressive disorder (MDD). Cognitive models propose that negative thinking influences the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and cortisol release. Oxytocin is also linked to MDD, social and affective processing, and stress buffering.

Overeating and food addiction in Major Depressive Disorder: Links to peripheral dopamine.

The concept of food addiction refers to addiction-like behaviours that develop in association with the intake of highly palatable foods. Previous research indicates that a high proportion of individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) meet the criteria for food addiction, and are also at an increased risk of weight gain and chronic disease. In the central nervous system, dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with reward salience and food intake, whereas peripheral dopamine is involved in sympathetic stress regulation, digestion and gastrointestinal motility.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Pain Severity Is Associated With Asymmetry of Gluteus Medius Muscle Activation Measured Via Ultrasound.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether gluteus medius muscle thickness or activation differed between left and right sides and was associated with patellofemoral pain presence or severity.

Design: Males and females were recruited and screened by a physiotherapist for inclusion in the control or patellofemoral pain syndrome group. Bilateral measures were obtained for Q angle and gluteus medius muscle thickness at rest and on contraction via standing hip external rotation, using ultrasound.

Cortisol, oxytocin, and quality of life in major depressive disorder.

Purpose: Quality of life (QoL) is greatly impaired in major depressive disorder (MDD). These impairments are not fully accounted for by symptom severity, may persist beyond depressive episodes, and are a risk factor for poor outcomes. MDD is often associated with prominent neuroendocrine changes and increased risk of chronic disease.

Weight gain in Major Depressive Disorder: Linking appetite and disordered eating to leptin and ghrelin.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involves changes in appetite and weight, with a subset of individuals at an increased risk of weight gain. Pathways to weight gain may include appetite disturbances, excess eating, and dysregulation of appetite hormones. However, little research has simultaneously examined relationships between hormones, eating behaviours and MDD symptoms.

Illawarra Born cross-generational health study: feasibility of a multi-generational birth cohort study.

Background: There is a strong interest in the concept of developmental origins of health and disease and their influence on various factors "from cradle to grave". Despite the increasing appreciation of this lifelong legacy across the human life course, many gaps remain in the scientific understanding of mechanisms influencing these formative phases. Cross-generational susceptibility to health problems is emerging as a focus of research in the context of birth cohort studies.

Problematic eating behaviours, changes in appetite, and weight gain in Major Depressive Disorder: The role of leptin.

Background: Appetite and weight changes are core symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and those with MDD are at increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Leptin promotes satiety, with leptin dysregulation and resistance noted in obesity. However, the role of leptin in weight changes in MDD is not established.

Effects of thickness of muscle and subcutaneous fat on efficacy of gluteal intramuscular injection sites.

Intramuscular injections given at the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites are intended for the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles, respectively. However, little research has confirmed the reliability of these sites for the presence and thickness of the target and other muscles, and subcutaneous fat. This study characterised and compared these at the V-method and G-method ventrogluteal sites and dorsogluteal site (n=60).

Plasma cortisol and oxytocin levels predict help-seeking intentions for depressive symptoms.

Background: Depressed individuals often refuse or withdraw from help, a phenomenon termed help-negation, which is a risk factor for poor outcomes. Most previous research has investigated psychosocial factors including stigma as causes of low help-seeking intentions for depression, however these do not adequately explain the problem. We hypothesised that because help-negation worsens with symptom severity, it might be linked to important biological changes associated with depression itself.

Comparison of the G and V methods for ventrogluteal site identification: Muscle and subcutaneous fat thicknesses and considerations for successful intramuscular injection.

The ventrogluteal site is increasingly recommended for long-acting antipsychotic intramuscular injections; however, it remains infrequently utilized due to nurses' lack of confidence in site identification. The more recent G (geometric) method of ventrogluteal site identification is less subjective and likely more reliable than the V method for successful intramuscular injection outcomes. Knowledge of muscle and subcutaneous fat thicknesses, and the influence of sex and anthropometry on theoretical injection outcome, is necessary to support evidence-based use of the ventrogluteal site.

Influence of gender, BMI and body shape on theoretical injection outcome at the ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal sites.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to determine the influences of gender, BMI and observed body shape on subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses, and theoretical injection outcome, at the ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal intramuscular injection sites.

Background: Debate continues as to whether the dorsogluteal or ventrogluteal injection site is more reliable for a successful intramuscular injection outcome. Subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses at the injection site are direct determinants of intramuscular injection outcome.

New insights into the morphogenesis of the gubernaculum testis and the inguinal canal.

There is no consensus about the role of the gubernaculum testis (GT). Nineteen human embryos (Carnegie stages 15-23), 36 fetuses (9 weeks to term), and eight neonates were examined. All the embryos and 25 fetuses (from weeks 9-16) were processed for paraffin wax histology and serially sectioned at 10 µm thickness.