Chapter 9: Life as We Don't Know It.

While Earth contains the only known example of life in the universe, it is possible that life elsewhere is fundamentally different from what we are familiar with. There is an increased recognition in the astrobiology community that the search for life should steer away from terran-specific biosignatures to those that are more inclusive to all life-forms. To start exploring the space of possibilities that life could occupy, we can try to dissociate life from the chemistry that composes it on Earth by envisioning how different life elsewhere could be in composition, lifestyle, medium, and form, and by exploring how the general principles that govern living systems on Earth might be found in different forms and environments across the Solar System.

Chapter 1: The Astrobiology Primer 3.0.

The Astrobiology Primer 3.0 (ABP3.0) is a concise introduction to the field of astrobiology for students and others who are new to the field of astrobiology.

Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life.

In the coming years and decades, advanced space- and ground-based observatories will allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially habitable exoplanets for signatures of life. Life on Earth, through its gaseous products and reflectance and scattering properties, has left its fingerprint on the spectrum of our planet. Aided by the universality of the laws of physics and chemistry, we turn to Earth's biosphere, both in the present and through geologic time, for analog signatures that will aid in the search for life elsewhere.

LeFort colpocleisis: a step-by-step simulation video for Female Pelvic Surgeons.

Introduction And Hypothesis: LeFort colpocleisis is a minimally invasive surgical option for patients with pelvic organ prolapse who no longer desire sexual activity. Pelvic surgeons have limited exposure to this procedure during their training, and are therefore less likely to offer this procedure to their patients.

Methods: We use a split screen live action surgery, side by side with a low cost 3D model of a prolapse to describe a LeFort colpocleisis step by step.

MicroRNA-200b targets protein kinase Cα and suppresses triple-negative breast cancer metastasis.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis and lacks effective targeted therapies. The microRNA-200 (miR-200) family is found to inhibit or promote breast cancer metastasis; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This study was performed to investigate the effect and mechanism of miR-200b on TNBC metastasis and identify targets for developing more efficient treatment for TNBC.

Accelerated follicle depletion in vitro and in vivo in Sprague-Dawley rats using the combination of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide and triptolide.

Rodent pests cause major damage to the world's agricultural crops and food stores. Rodenticides used since World War II did not lead to sustained reduction of rodent populations, and so fertility control is becoming attractive because rats reproduce with great efficiency. Chemical acceleration of ovarian failure via oral dosing also would improve management of rat pest populations.

Akt activation is responsible for enhanced migratory and invasive behavior of arsenic-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells.

Background: Arsenic is one of the most common environmental contaminants. Long-term exposure to arsenic causes human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) malignant transformation and lung cancer. However, the mechanism of arsenic lung carcinogenesis is not clear, and the migratory and invasive properties of arsenic-transformed cells (As-transformed cells) have rarely been studied.