Social support and cognitive reappraisal in adolescent females: The moderating role of lifetime stressor exposure.

Although social support is known to shape how individuals use emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal, little is known about the specific dimensions of social support that facilitate such use and whether this use is moderated by lifetime stressor exposure. To investigate, we harnessed data from 47 adolescent females who participated in the Psychobiology of Stress and Adolescent Depression (PSY SAD) study to examine how six dimensions of social support related to youths' use of cognitive reappraisal. In addition, we investigated whether lifetime stressor exposure moderated the association between social support and cognitive reappraisal use in this sample.

Emergency Free School Meal Distribution During the COVID-19 Pandemic in High-Poverty Urban Settings.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic triggered nationwide school closures in March 2020, putting millions of children in the United States who were reliant on subsidized school meals at risk of experiencing hunger. In response, the US Department of Agriculture mobilized the Summer Food Service Program and Seamless Summer Option program to provide emergency free school meals. There is a need to investigate the effectiveness of these programs in covering underresourced communities during the pandemic.

Heightened neural activity and functional connectivity responses to social rejection in female adolescents at risk for depression: Testing the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression.

Background: Although social rejection is among the strongest proximal precipitants of major depressive disorder (MDD), little is known about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and whether neural sensitivity to social rejection may help explain differences in MDD risk. To address this issue, we tested whether neural responses to social threat differed in female adolescents at high vs. low maternal risk for MDD.

Multiple pals gene modules control a balance between immunity and development in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The immune system continually battles against pathogen-induced pressures, which often leads to the evolutionary expansion of immune gene families in a species-specific manner. For example, the pals gene family expanded to 39 members in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, in comparison to a single mammalian pals ortholog. Our previous studies have revealed that two members of this family, pals-22 and pals-25, act as antagonistic paralogs to control the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR).

Improvements in School Food Offerings over Time: Variation by School Characteristics.

The 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) improved the nutritional quality of food served in schools. This longitudinal study examined school food offerings over time from school year 2010-11 to 2017-18 in public schools (n = 148) in four New Jersey cities. Six food indices were used to assess the number of healthy and unhealthy items offered as part of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), in vending machines, and à la carte (i.

Multiple gene modules control a balance between immunity and development in .

Unlabelled: The immune system continually battles against pathogen-induced pressures, which often leads to the evolutionary expansion of immune gene families in a species-specific manner. For example, the gene family expanded to 39 members in the genome, in comparison to a single mammalian ortholog. Our previous studies have revealed that two members of this family, and , act as antagonistic paralogs to control the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR).

Intergenerational transmission of lifetime stressor exposure in adolescent girls at differential maternal risk for depression.

Objective: Adolescent girls who grow up with mothers who are depressed are themselves highly vulnerable to developing depression (i.e., "intergenerational transmission of depression").

Neural and peripheral markers of reward during positive social evaluation are associated with less clinician-rated depression symptom severity in adolescence.

Although blunted sensitivity to reward is thought to play a key role in promoting risk for depression, most research on this topic has utilized monetary reward paradigms and focused on currently depressed adults. To address this issue, we analyzed neural reward and β-endorphin data from the Psychobiology of Stress and Adolescent Depression (PSY SAD) Study, which recruited a well-characterized sample of adolescent girls at high vs. low risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) ( = 52,  = 14.

Psychobiology of Stress and Adolescent Depression (PSY SAD) Study: Protocol overview for an fMRI-based multi-method investigation.

Depression is a common, often recurrent disorder that causes substantial disease burden worldwide, and this is especially true for women following the pubertal transition. According to the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression, stressors involving social stress and rejection, which frequently precipitate major depressive episodes, induce depressive symptoms in vulnerable individuals in part by altering the activity and connectivity of stress-related neural pathways, and by upregulating components of the immune system involved in inflammation. To test this theory, we recruited adolescent females at high and low risk for depression and assessed their psychological, neural, inflammatory, and genomic responses to a brief (10 minute) social stress task, in addition to trait psychological and microbial factors affecting these responses.

Nanoluciferase-Based Method for Detecting Gene Expression in .

Genetic reporters such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) can facilitate measurement of promoter activity and gene expression. However, animal autofluorescence limits the sensitivity of GFP and other fluorescent reporters in whole-animal settings like in the nematode Here, we present a highly sensitive Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc)-based method in a multiwell format to detect constitutive and inducible gene expression in We optimize detection of bioluminescent signals from NanoLuc in and show that it can be detected at 400,000-fold over background in a population of 100 animals expressing intestinal NanoLuc driven by the promoter. We can reliably detect signal in single ::-expressing worms from all developmental stages.

Posterior spinal fusion to sacrum in non-ambulatory hypotonic neuromuscular patients: sacral rod/bone graft onlay method.

Purpose: A retrospective study involving 65 non-ambulatory patients with hypotonic neuromuscular scoliosis has assessed the effectiveness of a sacral rod/bone onlay technique for extending spinal fusion to the sacrum.

Methods: To extend posterior spinal fusion to the sacrum, we used either 1 Harrington rod and 1 Luque L rod with sublaminar wires in 14 patients (Group 1) or two rods with sublaminar wires in 51 patients (Group 2) along with abundant autograft and allograft bone covering the ends of the rods.

Results: Diagnoses were Duchenne muscular dystrophy 53, spinal muscular atrophy 4, myopathy 3, limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2, infantile FSH muscular dystrophy 1, cerebral palsy 1, and Friedreich ataxia 1.