Unveiling the CHO surfaceome: Identification of cell surface proteins reveals cell aggregation-relevant mechanisms.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) suspension cells are the main production hosts for biopharmaceuticals. For the improvement of production processes, it is essential to understand the interaction between CHO cells and their microenvironment. While the cellular membrane is the crucial surface barrier between the inner and outer cell compartments, the subgroup of cell surface proteins (surfaceome) is of particular interest due to its potential to react to external factors and initiate cell communication and interaction pathways.

A Role for HO and TRPM2 in the Induction of Cell Death: Studies in KGN Cells.

Recent studies showed that KGN cells, derived from a human granulosa cell tumor (GCT), express NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), an important source of HO. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is a Ca permeable cation channel that can be activated by HO and plays an important role in cellular functions. It is also able to promote susceptibility to cell death.

The NADPH oxidase 4 is a major source of hydrogen peroxide in human granulosa-lutein and granulosa tumor cells.

HO is a reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can diffuse away from its site of generation and may act as a cell-to-cell signaling factor. The mechanisms responsible for the generation of HO in human ovarian follicles and possible signaling role(s) of HO are not well known. We identified a source of HO, the enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4, in isolated differentiated, in-vitro fertilisation-derived human granulosa-lutein cells (GCs), in proliferating human granulosa tumour cells (KGN), as well as in situ in cells of growing ovarian follicles.

Enhanced protein production by microRNA-30 family in CHO cells is mediated by the modulation of the ubiquitin pathway.

Functional genomics represent a valuable approach to improve culture performance of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Recent advances in applied microRNA (miRNAs) research suggest that these small non-coding RNAs are critical for the regulation of cell phenotypes in CHO cells. However, the notion that individual miRNAs usually control the expression of hundreds of different genes makes miRNA target identification highly complex.

A functional high-content miRNA screen identifies miR-30 family to boost recombinant protein production in CHO cells.

The steady improvement of mammalian cell factories for the production of biopharmaceuticals is a key challenge for the biotechnology community. Recently, small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as novel targets for optimizing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells as they do not add any translational burden to the cell while being capable of regulating entire physiological pathways. The aim of the present study was to elucidate miRNA function in a recombinant CHO-SEAP cell line by means of a genome-wide high-content miRNA screen.