PD-1 melanocortin receptor dependent-Treg cells prevent autoimmune disease.

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a mouse model of human autoimmune uveitis marked by ocular autoantigen-specific regulatory immunity in the spleen. The melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5r) and adenosine 2 A receptor (A2Ar) are required for induction of post-EAU regulatory T cells (Tregs) which provide resistance to EAU. We show that blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway prevented suppression of EAU by post-EAU Tregs.

The variable efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide for cystoid macular edema due to radiation retinopathy.

Background: Both intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone have been shown to be effective in treating macular edema secondary to VEGF-mediated disease. The purpose of this study is to describe the variable effects of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in the treatment of macular edema secondary to radiation retinopathy.

Methods: Retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional case series.

Corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis: a rare, but serious, complication in uveitis.

Purpose: To examine the incidence and prevalence of osteonecrosis in uveitis patients.

Methods: An electronic medical record database search was conducted to identify uveitis patients with osteonecrosis and the number at risk for corticosteroid-related osteonecrosis from 2003 to 2012. The clinical and ophthalmologic features of the uveitis patients with osteonecrosis were assessed with retrospective chart reviews.

Interleukin-2 receptor targeted therapy of ocular disease of HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia.

Purpose: To report two cases of patients with ocular manifestations of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) who were successfully treated with interleukin-2 receptor targeted therapies.

Method: Case series.

Results: Two patients with HTLV-1-associated ATL developed symptomatic scleritis.

Subconjunctival sirolimus for the treatment of chronic active anterior uveitis: results of a pilot trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and possible efficacy of subconjunctival sirolimus for the treatment of chronic active anterior uveitis.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, open-label clinical trial.

Methods: This single-center pilot trial enrolled 5 patients with chronic active anterior uveitis.

Hypotony in patients with uveitis: The Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of hypotony in patients with severe forms of uveitis.

Methods: The Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial, a randomized study, enrolled 255 patients. Patients with hypotony at the baseline visit were identified.

The incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Medical records of all patients living in Olmsted County, Minnesota between 1976 and 2005 diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records linkage system.

Intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.

Background: Injection of drugs into the vitreous can lead to intraocular inflammation through infectious and non-infectious processes. Failure to recognize an eye with anterior chamber and vitreous cell as sterile inflammation can lead to unnecessary treatment for endophthalmitis.

Methods: Four cases of uveitis following intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for exudative age-related macular degeneration are described followed by review of the literature.