Looking into the effects of co-contamination by micro(nano)plastics in the presence of other pollutants on irrigated edible plants.

To address water shortage challenges, treated wastewater is used to meet the demand for irrigation water in several countries worldwide. Considering the presence of pollutants in treated wastewater, its use for land irrigation might have an impact in the environment. This review article focuses on the combined effects (or potential joint toxicity) of microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) and other environmental contaminants present in treated wastewater on edible plants after irrigation.