COVID-19 Testing Among Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients: Implications for Public Health.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare COVID-19 test positivity among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients whose resuscitative efforts were terminated in the field with the surrounding community.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients for whom unsuccessful resuscitative efforts were terminated in the field. Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel obtained postmortem COVID-19 nasal swab specimens from these patients between July 1, 2020 and February 28, 2022 to facilitate patient contact tracing and awareness of potential occupational exposure.

National guideline for the field triage of injured patients: Recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage, 2021.

This work details the process of developing the updated field triage guideline, the supporting evidence, and the final version of the 2021 National Guideline for the Field Triage of Injured Patients.

The Role of a Statewide Critical Care Coordination Center in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic-and Beyond.

Objective: Public health emergencies, like the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, can cause unprecedented demand for critical care services. We describe statewide implementation of a critical care coordination center designed to optimize ICU utilization. To describe a centralized critical care coordination center designed to ensure appropriate intensive care resource allocation.

A Statewide EMS Viral Syndrome Pandemic Triage Protocol: 24 Hour Outcomes.

Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems encountered many challenges that prompted crisis-level strategies. Maryland's statewide EMS system implemented the which contained a decision tool to help identify patients potentially safe for self-care at home. This study assessed the effects of the and the safety of referring patients for self-care at home.

Emergency department frequent user subgroups: Development of an empirical, theory-grounded definition using population health data and machine learning.

Frequent emergency department (ED) use has been operationalized in research, clinical practice, and policy as number of visits to the ED, despite the fact that this definition lacks empirical evidence and theoretical foundation. To date, there are no studies that have attempted to understand ED use empirically, without arbitrary use of "cut-points." This study was conducted to identify the best-performing, empirically grounded definition of frequent ED use.

Correlation between Emergency Medical Services Suspected COVID-19 Patients and Daily Hospitalizations.

We sought to determine if Emergency Medical Services (EMS) identified Persons Under Investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 are associated with hospitalizations for COVID-19 disease for the purposes of serving as a potential early indicator of hospital surge. A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Maryland statewide EMS electronic medical records and daily COVID-19 hospitalizations from March 13, 2020 through July 31, 2020. All unique EMS patients who were identified as COVID-19 PUIs during the study period were included.

The 2019 Core Content of Emergency Medical Services Medicine.

On March 13, 2019 the EMS Examination Committee of the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) approved modifications to the Core Content of EMS Medicine. The Core Content is used to define the subspecialty of EMS Medicine, provides the basis for questions to be used during written examinations, and leads to development of a certification examination blueprint. The Core Content defines the universe of knowledge for the treatment of prehospital patients that is necessary to practice EMS Medicine.

Assessment of Key Health and Wellness Indicators Among North Carolina Emergency Medical Service Providers.

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize key health indicators in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel and identify areas for intervention in order to ensure a strong and capable emergency health workforce.

Methods: Participants were EMS personnel delivering patients to 4 regional tertiary care emergency departments within North Carolina (NC). After transferring patient care and agreeing to participate, height, weight, and blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded and each participant completed a questionnaire regarding demographics, activity levels, alcohol consumption, smoking, and medical history.

Spinal Motion Restriction in the Trauma Patient - A Joint Position Statement.

The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), and the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) have previously offered varied guidance on the role of backboards and spinal immobilization in out-of-hospital situations. This updated consensus statement on spinal motion restriction in the trauma patient represents the collective positions of the ACS-COT, ACEP and NAEMSP. It has further been formally endorsed by a number of national stakeholder organizations.

Adjusting patients streaming initiated by a wait time threshold in emergency department for minimizing opportunity cost.

Purpose Two different systems for streaming patients were considered to improve efficiency measures such as waiting times (WTs) and length of stay (LOS) for a current emergency department (ED). A typical fast track area (FTA) and a fast track with a wait time threshold (FTW) were designed and compared effectiveness measures from the perspective of total opportunity cost of all patients' WTs in the ED. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Expert Consensus Guidelines for Stocking of Antidotes in Hospitals That Provide Emergency Care.

We provide recommendations for stocking of antidotes used in emergency departments (EDs). An expert panel representing diverse perspectives (clinical pharmacology, medical toxicology, critical care medicine, hematology/oncology, hospital pharmacy, emergency medicine, emergency medical services, pediatric emergency medicine, pediatric critical care medicine, poison centers, hospital administration, and public health) was formed to create recommendations for antidote stocking. Using a standardized summary of the medical literature, the primary reviewer for each antidote proposed guidelines for antidote stocking to the full panel.

Guidance Document for the Prehospital Use of Tranexamic Acid in Injured Patients.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is being administered already in many prehospital air and ground systems. Insufficient evidence exists to support or refute the prehospital administration of TXA, and results are pending from several prehospital studies currently in progress. We have created this document to aid agencies and systems in best practices for TXA administration based on currently available best evidence.

Over-commitment of EMS personnel in North Carolina with implications for disaster planning.

Background: While large-scale disasters are uncommon, our society relies on emergency personnel to be available to respond and act. Faith in their availability may lead to a false sense of security. Many emergency personnel obligate themselves to more than one agency and so may be overcommitted, leaving agencies with unfilled positions in a disaster.

Improving process quality for pediatric emergency department.

Purpose: Overcrowding in emergency departments (EDs) leads to longer waiting times and results in higher number of patients leaving the ED without being seen by a physician. EDs need to improve quality for patients' waiting time and length of stay (LoS) from the perspective of process and flow control management. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Outcomes of medical emergencies on commercial airline flights.

Background: Worldwide, 2.75 billion passengers fly on commercial airlines annually. When in-flight medical emergencies occur, access to care is limited.

Epidemiology of low-level bridge jumping in Pittsburgh: a 10-year study.

Background: Outcomes of patients who fall from bridges lower than 160 feet above water have been poorly characterized. Pittsburgh offers a unique setting in which to study these patients as the city has 41 major bridges, only four of which are above 70 feet.

Objective: This study examined patients who fell or jumped from Pittsburgh bridges over a 10-year period for their characteristics, injury patterns, and the effects of prehospital care on outcomes.

The core content of emergency medical services medicine.

On September 23, 2010, the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) approved emergency medical services (EMS) as a subspecialty of emergency medicine. As a result, the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) is planning to award the first certificates in EMS medicine in the fall of 2013. The purpose of subspecialty certification in EMS, as defined by ABEM, is to standardize physician training and qualifications for EMS practice, to improve patient safety and enhance the quality of emergency medical care provided to patients in the prehospital environment, and to facilitate integration of prehospital patient treatment into the continuum of patient care.

Accuracy of EMS-recorded patient demographic data.

Objective: Emergency medical services (EMS) research is frequently dependent on data recorded by prehospital personnel. Linking EMS information with hospital outcome depends on essential identifying data. We sought to determine the accuracy of these data in patients who activated EMS for chest pain and to describe the types of errors committed.

The role of law enforcement agencies in out-of-hospital emergency care.

Background: A key component of out-of-hospital emergency care is the rapid response of trained providers with appropriate medical equipment. In some communities, law enforcement agents function as first responders to accomplish this goal. The purpose of this national survey was to assess the proportion of law enforcement agencies that provide medical care to determine the extent of care they provide, to identify how many use AEDs, and to assess the attitudes of agency leaders regarding their roles as medical first responders.