How does climate change impact people who use alcohol and other drugs? A scoping review of peer reviewed literature.

Background: The world has experienced devastating extreme weather events, alongside slow-onset processes including increasing temperature means, that scientists agree are manifestations of human-induced climate change. Even with radical action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, effects of climate change will become increasingly severe.

Objectives: The aim of this review was to classify impacts of climate change for people who use alcohol and other drugs (AoD), as reflected in peer reviewed literature.

A Scoping Review of Global Literature on Alcohol and Other Drug-Facilitated Sexual Violence.

The use of alcohol or other drugs to facilitate sexual violence (AOD-facilitated sexual violence) is a public health concern. There are significant gaps in knowledge on victimization, perpetration, contexts, impacts, and attitudes. Using a scoping review method, we mapped existing peer-reviewed, global literature to examine what is known about AOD-facilitated sexual violence to inform the development of AOD-facilitated sexual violence targeted interventions.

Utility of iron concentration two to four hours post ingestion in predicting toxicity.

Introduction: Iron products are widely available over the counter and have the potential to cause serious toxicity. Iron concentrations can be used to prognosticate and guide treatment during acute ingestions. Traditionally, a concentration of 350 μg/dL with symptoms, or 500 μg/dL without symptoms, is considered toxic and will likely need treatment to prevent decompensation.

Day-night gene expression reveals circadian gene as a candidate for diel-niche evolution in moths.

Temporal ecological niche partitioning is an underappreciated driver of speciation. While insects have long been models for circadian biology, the genes and circuits that allow adaptive changes in diel-niches remain poorly understood. We compared gene expression in closely related day- and night-active non-model wild silk moths, with otherwise similar ecologies.

Exploring the Experiences of Regional and Rural Revictimized Women in a Group Empowerment Program.

Sexual revictimization can have a negative impact on many facets of women's wellbeing, yet limited evidence exists regarding specific interventions that support healing and the reduction of further revictimization. This paper will explore regional and rural women's experience of a group-based empowerment program, the Shark Cage program, in Victoria, Australia. The "Shark Cage" program aims to address revictimization by empowering women and girls to build personal boundaries and assertiveness within the context of gender equality and human rights.

Evolution of compound eye morphology underlies differences in vision between closely related Drosophila species.

Background: Insects have evolved complex visual systems and display an astonishing range of adaptations for diverse ecological niches. Species of Drosophila melanogaster subgroup exhibit extensive intra- and interspecific differences in compound eye size. These differences provide an excellent opportunity to better understand variation in insect eye structure and the impact on vision.

Why flying insects gather at artificial light.

Explanations of why nocturnal insects fly erratically around fires and lamps have included theories of "lunar navigation" and "escape to the light". However, without three-dimensional flight data to test them rigorously, the cause for this odd behaviour has remained unsolved. We employed high-resolution motion capture in the laboratory and stereo-videography in the field to reconstruct the 3D kinematics of insect flights around artificial lights.

Environmental impact on visual perception modulates behavioral responses of schooling fish to looming predators.

Aggregation in social fishes has evolved to improve safety from predators. The individual interaction mechanisms that govern collective behavior are determined by the sensory systems that translate environmental information into behavior. In dynamic environments, shifts in conditions impede effective visual sensory perception in fish schools, and may induce changes in the collective response.

A systematic review of phenibut withdrawal focusing on complications, therapeutic approaches, and single substance versus polysubstance withdrawal.

Introduction: Phenibut is an unregulated supplement that acts primarily as a gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor agonist. Use of phenibut can lead to dependence and subsequent withdrawal when use is stopped. Phenibut withdrawal can cause severe symptoms such as delirium, hallucinations, and seizures.

Insect neurobiology: What to do with conflicting evidence?

Sensory systems gather information from the environment so the nervous system can formulate appropriate responses. But what happens when sensory information is inconsistent? A new study demonstrates how flies respond to incompatible visual evidence of their own motion.

Postsurgical utility of copeptin for the prediction of postoperative arginine vasopressin deficiency.

Objective: Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVD) following neurosurgical procedures for pituitary disorders is common and can delay discharge. Copeptin, a stable surrogate marker of arginine vasopressin, may predict postoperative AVD. The authors' aim was to assess the optimal postoperative sampling time and cut-point concentration of copeptin to predict the development of postsurgical AVD.

Outcomes of pediatric ingestions of alcohol-based hand sanitizers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: In July 2020, an outbreak of methanol-contaminated hand sanitizers in the United States prompted our regional poison center to implement a more conservative triage guideline for hand sanitizer exposures. All pediatric hand sanitizer ingestions of more than a "taste" were referred to a healthcare facility for assessment. We then evaluated the effect of this change on identifying patients with methanol poisoning.

Insect vision: Contrast perception under fluctuating light.

Natural light levels vary tremendously, both over the day and from minute to minute, creating a formidable challenge for animals that rely on vision to survive. New work in fruit flies demonstrates the neural mechanisms that produce luminance-invariant perceptions of visual contrast.

Incidence of rebound salicylate toxicity following cessation of urine alkalinization.

Introduction: Management of patients with salicylate toxicity frequently requires urine alkalinization to enhance excretion of salicylate. One strategy for determining when to stop urine alkalinization is to wait for two consecutive serum salicylate concentrations to be less than 300 mg/L (2.17 mmol/L) and declining.

Measuring compound eye optics with microscope and microCT images.

With a great variety of shapes and sizes, compound eye morphologies give insight into visual ecology, development, and evolution, and inspire novel engineering. In contrast to our own camera-type eyes, compound eyes reveal their resolution, sensitivity, and field of view externally, provided they have spherical curvature and orthogonal ommatidia. Non-spherical compound eyes with skewed ommatidia require measuring internal structures, such as with MicroCT (µCT).

Seizure Occurring During Baclofen Monotherapy for Phenibut Withdrawal.

Objective: Phenibut is a widely available gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor agonist. When taken chronically, phenibut causes dependence and subsequent withdrawal if stopped. Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor agonist structurally related to phenibut, has been used to manage phenibut withdrawal (PW), although baclofen doses for PW are not well defined and may exceed Food and Drug Administration-approved doses.

Carbon dioxide and blood-feeding shift visual cue tracking during navigation in mosquitoes.

Haematophagous mosquitoes need a blood meal to complete their reproductive cycle. To accomplish this, female mosquitoes seek vertebrate hosts, land on them and bite. As their eggs mature, they shift attention away from hosts and towards finding sites to lay eggs.

QTc Prolongation in Poison Center Exposures to CredibleMeds List of Substances with "Known Risk of Torsades de Pointes".

Many drugs carry some risk of QT interval prolongation, which can lead to life-threatening dysrhythmias including Torsades de Pointes (TdP). CredibleMeds.org identifies medications categorized as "Known Risk of TdP" but does not stratify risk in acute supratherapeutic ingestions.

Multi-surveyor capture-mark-recapture as a powerful tool for butterfly population monitoring in the pre-imaginal stage.

For many elusive insect species, which are difficult to cover by standard monitoring schemes, innovative survey methods are needed to gain robust data on abundance and population trends. We suggest a monitoring of overwintering larvae for the endangered nymphalid butterfly . We tested different removal and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) approaches in a field study in the "Alb-Donau" region, Germany.

Automated identification of chicken distress vocalizations using deep learning models.

The annual global production of chickens exceeds 25 billion birds, which are often housed in very large groups, numbering thousands. Distress calling triggered by various sources of stress has been suggested as an 'iceberg indicator' of chicken welfare. However, to date, the identification of distress calls largely relies on manual annotation, which is very labour-intensive and time-consuming.

Revictimisation of Women in Non-Urban Areas: A Scoping Review.

Literature widely acknowledges that women who experience Child Sex Abuse (CSA) have a higher risk of experiencing sexual revictimisation later in life, yet less is known about experiences of revictimisation in non-urban areas. The aim of this review is to examine what is known internationally regarding revictimisation of non-urban women, and to provide future research, practice and policy recommendations. A total of 2414 articles were identified through a comprehensive search across five broad health sciences and humanities databases; 11 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review.