A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.

Methods: Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.

Probiotic supplementation for 24 weeks in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the PROBILIVER randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aim: Considering the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and treatment gaps, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on liver function markers, nutritional status, and clinical parameters.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0346782) included adult outpatients with biopsy-proven NASH.

Adverse events in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in a pediatric intensive care unit: the contribution of the VIS score and the RACHS-1.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of adverse events in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in a pediatric intensive care unit and to find any patient characteristics that can predict such events.

Methods: This was a historical cohort study of patients recovering in the pediatric intensive care unit for the first 7 days after cardiac surgery between April and December 2019, by reviewing the medical records. The following were reviewed: demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics; patient severity scores; and selected adverse events, grouped into device-related, surgical, and nonsurgical.

Evaluation of bowel wall flow by color Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity in pediatric patients.

Objective: To assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity with Doppler ultrasound in pediatric patients, comparing the accuracy of the ultrasound findings with that of the concentrations of fecal calprotectin (FC).

Materials And Methods: In a consecutive series, we evaluated 53 examinations of 44 pediatric patients seen between 2014 and 2020: 28 with Crohn's disease, 15 with ulcerative colitis, and one with IBD unclassified. The diagnosis of IBD was made in accordance with the Porto criteria.

Oral 24-week probiotics supplementation did not decrease cardiovascular risk markers in patients with biopsy proven NASH: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study.

Introduction And Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a clinical condition without any approved pharmacological therapy. Probiotics are often indicated for the disease, but their results are controversial in part due to the poor quality of studies. Thus, we investigated the impact of 24-week probiotics supplementation on cardiovascular risk (CVR) in biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients.

Gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation promote cardiomyocyte abnormalities in an experimental model of steatohepatitis.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with both of them.

Aim: To assess the relationship between gut dysbiosis and cardiovascular risk (CVR) in an experimental model of steatohepatitis.

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to a control group ( = 10) fed a standard diet and an intervention group ( = 10) fed a high-fat choline-deficient diet for 16 wk.

Effect of Melatonin on the Reduction of Hepatic Steatosis and Intestinal Leptin Expression in Zebrafish Exposed to Fructose.

Melatonin is a hormone related to circadian rhythms and has potential clinical applications. Our objectives were to verify the effect of melatonin on the liver of zebrafish exposed to fructose and evaluate the expression of appetite-related genes (leptin, ghrelin, and melanocortin receptor 4 [MC4R]). Animals were divided into three groups: control (CG,  = 25), fructose (FG,  = 25), and fructose+melatonin (FMG,  = 25).

Cholinergic system and exploratory behavior are changed after weekly-binge ethanol exposure in zebrafish.

Binge drinking is characterized by excessive alcohol consumption in a short period of time and is associated with a poor quality of life. Zebrafish are commonly used to investigate neurochemical, behavioral, and genetic parameters associated with ethanol (EtOH) exposure. However, few studies have used zebrafish as a model to investigate binge EtOH exposure.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Probiotic GG Through the Modulation of Gut Permeability and Inflammasomes in a Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease in Zebrafish.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is among the leading causes of death from liver disease. Among the factors involved in its pathogenesis are inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GG (LGG) on hepatic lipid accumulation, activation of inflammasomes, and gut permeability markers in experimental model of ALD with zebrafish.

Tolerability and Effects of the Use of Energy-Enriched Infant Formula After Congenital Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Undernutrition is a common problem among children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and may lead to poorer surgical outcomes. A higher intake of energy during the postoperative period of CHD surgery seems to be associated with better outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the use of energy-enriched formula (EE-formula) compared with normocaloric formula during 30 days after CHD surgery.

Prevalence of celiac disease in a large cohort of young patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Serological screening for celiac disease (CD) allows the identification of individuals genetically predisposed, as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the diagnosis is confirmed by intestinal biopsy. The aim was to determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin-A anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG) and CD in a large cohort of young T1DM patients.

Antifibrogenic effect of melatonin in rats with experimental liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride.

Background And Aim: Liver diseases are a major public health problem, accounting for a significant number of hospital visits and admissions and an increasing mortality rate. Melatonin (MLT) is a powerful antioxidant molecule that has been shown to be beneficial under various conditions. The objective was to evaluate the effect of MLT on experimental liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl) in rats.

Autoimmune hepatitis in 828 Brazilian children and adolescents: clinical and laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes.

Objective: This large study with a long-term follow-up aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes of children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis.

Methods: The medical records of 828 children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis were reviewed. A questionnaire was used to collect anonymous data on clinical presentation, biochemical and histological findings, and treatments.

The association between adult-type hypolactasia and symptoms of functional dyspepsia.

Functional dyspepsia and lactose intolerance (adult-type hypolactasia, ATH) are common conditions that may coexist or even be confounded. Their clinical presentation can be similar, however, lactose intolerance does not form part of the diagnostic investigation of functional dyspepsia. Studies on the association between functional dyspepsia and ATH are scarce.

Cholinergic System and Oxidative Stress Changes in the Brain of a Zebrafish Model Chronically Exposed to Ethanol.

Ethanol is a widely used drug, and excess or even moderate consumption of ethanol is associated with changes in several neurotransmitter systems, including the cholinergic system. The incidence of alcoholic dementia and its insults are well supported by multiple studies, although the mechanisms of neurotoxicity are still poorly understood. Considering that zebrafish have a complete central nervous system (CNS) and that several signaling systems have already been identified in zebrafish, this neurotoxicological model has become useful.

Effect of Vitamin D Serum Levels and GC Gene Polymorphisms in Liver Fibrosis Due to Chronic Hepatitis C.

Introduction And Aim: Vitamin D has been associated with chronic liver diseases and low vitamin levels may contribute to progression of chronic hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D serum levels and GC gene polymorphisms in the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study that enrolled 132 adult patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 attended at the outpatient Clinic of Gastroenterology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.

Search for DQ2.5 and DQ8 alleles using a lower cost technique in patients with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease in a population of southern Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of DQ2.5 and DQ8 alleles using the Tag-single-nucleotide polymorphism (Tag-SNP) technique in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) in southern Brazil.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective design, we performed the search for DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 alleles for DQ2.

Genetic variants underlying vitamin D metabolism and VDR-TGFβ-1-SMAD3 interaction may impact on HCV progression: a study based on dbGaP data from the HALT-C study.

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in liver disease and vitamin D has been shown to decrease hepatic fibrosis through an anti-TGFβ-1/SMAD3 effect mediated by the vitamin D receptor. Thus, we hypothesized that genetic variants involved in vitamin D metabolism and/or VDR/TGFβ-1/SMAD3 interaction could impact on the progression of chronic HCV. We obtained or imputed genotypes for 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes implicated in vitamin D metabolism from the HALT-C cohort via dbGaP.

Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG reduces hepatic fibrosis in a model of chronic liver disease in rats.

Background: The intestinal dysbiosis is common in chronic liver disease and can induce to inflammatory responses and mediate the collagen deposition in the liver.

Aim: To evaluate the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for the treatment of liver fibrosis in a model of chronic cholestatic liver disease in rats.

Methods: Male adult Wistar rats (n = 29) were submitted to common bile duct ligation (BDL groups) or manipulation of common bile duct without ligation (Ctrl groups).

Chronic exposure to ethanol causes steatosis and inflammation in zebrafish liver.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to ethanol in the liver and the expression of inflammatory genes in zebrafish.

Methods: Zebrafish ( = 104), wild type, adult, male and female, were divided into two groups: Control and ethanol (0.05 v/v).

Paracrine Effects of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Survival and Cytokine Expression after 90% Partial Hepatectomy.

Acute liver failure is a complex and fatal disease. Cell-based therapies are a promising alternative therapeutic approach for liver failure due to relatively simple technique and lower cost. The use of semipermeable microcapsules has become an interesting tool for evaluating paracrine effects in vivo.

IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and nutritional status in pediatric patients with biliary atresia.

Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 are associated with nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia and compare to healthy controls.

Methods: The parameters used for nutritional assessment were the standard deviation scores of height-for-age and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated using the Child-Pugh score and PELD/MELD.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Children and Adolescents with Cirrhosis Due to Biliary Atresia.

Background: The nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis is not so easy to assess properly. Considering the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and energy homeostasis, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of BDNF in children and adolescents with cirrhosis due to biliary atresia (BA) and correlate it with their nutritional status.

Methods: Fifty-three children and adolescents with cirrhosis due to BA and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.

Encapsulated Whole Bone Marrow Cells Improve Survival in Wistar Rats after 90% Partial Hepatectomy.

Background and Aims. The use of bone marrow cells has been suggested as an alternative treatment for acute liver failure. In this study, we investigate the effect of encapsulated whole bone marrow cells in a liver failure model.