Leiomyosarcoma of the gallbladder-A case report and a review of literature.

Introduction: Primary sarcomas of the gallbladder (GB) are a rare disease that were first described by Griffon and Segall in 1897. Leiomyosarcomas (LMS), as described in the case report at hand, are considered a major subgroup.

Presentation Of Case: A 62-year-old female was referred to our hospital with intermittent right upper quadrant pain.

Solitary plasmacytoma of thoracic vertebra in a woman with Lynch syndrome: A case report.

Introduction: One of the major disabling health conditions among elderly is back pain due to degenerative diseases. Less than 1% of spine disorders are caused by malignancies. Among the rare primary vertebral neoplasms the multiple myeloma and the plasmacytoma account for 26% of these cases.

[Lymphocytic myocarditis in a patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with Nivolumab].

Immune checkpoint inhibitors against the PD-1 protein offer a new therapy option for many solid cancers. We report a patient with metastatic renal cell cancer treated with Nivolumab. As a rare immune-mediated adverse event, we describe a fatal lymphocytic myocarditis two weeks after starting immune therapy.

Endoscopic resection of a periampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma of the duodenum: A case report.

Introduction: The gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is an extremely rare neuroendocrine tumour originating from the second part of the duodenum. Generally GP shows benign clinical behaviour. The GP is typically characterized by consisting of three tumour components: the epithelioid, the spindle-shaped and the ganglion-like cells.

Spectrum of KIT/PDGFRA/BRAF mutations and Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase pathway gene alterations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

Pathogenetic pathways of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) lacking mutations in KIT and PDGFRA (∼15%) are still poorly studied. Nearly nothing is known about PI3K alterations in GISTs and only a few GISTs with BRAF mutations have been reported. BRAF mutations (V600E) were found in 3/87 tumors (3.

[Concordance of the Gleason score in prostate multibiopsy and definitive histology].

Background: Due to an insufficient mean agreement between the Gleason score (GS) revealed from multibiopsy and definitive histology after radical prostatectomy (RP) of merely about 45 %, a modification of the GS including an elimination of GS 2-4 was -accomplished in 2005. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concordance of GS and WHO grading in biopsy and definitive histology and to -determine parameters influencing the diagnostic accuracy of the biopsy and the prognosis.

Materials And Methods: Within a 10-year-period before modification of the GS, radical prostatectomy was performed in 856 patients (study group, SG; mean age 64.

ApoE-deficient mice on cholate-containing high-fat diet reveal a pathology similar to lung sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of non-necrotizing epithelioid granulomas in various organs, especially in the lungs. The lack of an adequate animal model reflecting the pathogenesis of the human disease is one of the major impediments in studying sarcoidosis. In this report, we describe ApoE-/- mice on a cholate-containing high-fat diet that exhibit granulomatous lung inflammation similar to human sarcoidosis.

Acute appendicitis is characterised by local invasion with Fusobacterium nucleatum/necrophorum.

Background: Acute appendicitis is a local intestinal inflammation with unclear origin. The aim was to test whether bacteria in appendicitis differ in composition to bacteria found in caecal biopsies from healthy and disease controls.

Methods And Patients: We investigated sections of 70 appendices using rRNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridisation.

[Rare tumor of the epididymis].

A 51-year-old man with known ethyl toxic chronic pancreatitis presented with a tumor of the left epididymis. Immunohistological examination disclosed it as a metastasis of a pancreatic carcinoma. Paratesticular metastases of a pancreatic carcinoma are very rare.

[Campylobacter-jejuni-associated hepatitis and myocardial injury].

Background: Campylobacter-jejuni infection can lead to different extraintestinal manifestations. Myo-/pericarditis and toxic hepatitis have been reported. A combined appearance has not been described yet.

An experimental in vivo analysis of the resorption to ultrasound activated pins (Sonic weld) and standard biodegradable screws (ResorbX) in sheep.

We compared the healing and reaction in the mandibles of 11 sheep of a conventional bioresorbable screw osteosynthesis with the newly developed ultrasound-activated pin osteosynthesis. The thermal stress caused by insertion of the ultrasound-aided pins leads to no cellular reaction around the pin. There is neither clinical nor histological evidence of any initial inflammation that could have been induced by the insertion.

Chemotherapy with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium.

Chemotherapeutic agents are active in advanced bladder cancer, and various combinations have shown promising results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and cisplatin in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Fifty-nine patients with metastatic or locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium were treated between 2000 and 2005.

Comparative study of the intestinal mucus barrier in normal and inflamed colon.

Aim: To study the role of mucus in the spatial separation of intestinal bacteria from mucosa.

Patients And Methods: Mucus barrier characteristics were evaluated using histological material obtained by biopsy from purged colon, colon prepared with enema and material from untreated appendices fixed with non-aqueous Carnoy solution. Bacteria were evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization, with bacterial 16S RNA probes and related to the periodic acid Schiff alcian blue stain.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma masquerading as germ cell tumor by producing beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and neuron-specific enolase.

Neuron-specific enolase and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin are serum markers frequently found associated with germ cell tumors. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma producing both markers and discuss the significance of this unusual condition in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors.

Identification of six novel MSH2 and MLH1 germline mutations in HNPCC.

Germline mutations in mismatch repair genes are responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), the most common hereditary cancer-susceptibility syndrome. We report six novel germline mutations, three in MSH2 and three in MLH1. All but one mutation have been found in families fulfilling the criteria of the Bethesda guidelines; two of them additionally fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria.

Involvement of hMSH6 in the development of hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer revealed by immunostaining is based on germline mutations, but rarely on somatic inactivation.

Germline mutations in human mismatch repair (MMR) genes yield a predisposition for the hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. In contrast to hMLH1 and hMSH2, little is known about the overall involvement of hMSH6 in colorectal cancer. We investigated 82 tumors from patients who fulfilled the Bethesda guidelines for HNPCC as well as 146 sporadic tumors, analyzing microsatellite instability and expression of the 4 MMR proteins hMSH6, hMSH2, hMLH1 and hPMS2.

Seven novel MLH1 and MSH2 germline mutations in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is the most frequent hereditary form of colorectal cancer and is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. The majority of mutations occur in MLH1 and MSH2. We report hereby seven novel germline mutations in these two genes (five in MLH1 and two in MSH2).

DNA ploidy and chromosomal imbalances in invasive ductal breast cancer. A comparative study of DNA image cytometry and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

Chromosomal imbalances were analyzed in 62 breast cancers with different DNA ploidy by CGH. The results of DNA image cytometry and CGH are consistent with peridiploid and aneuploid cases. The peritetraploid tumors harbored a high number of chromosomal imbalances, as a hint for an unfavorable prognosis.

Is systematic sextant biopsy suitable for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer?

Background: The optimal extent of the prostate biopsy remains controversial. There is a need to avoid detection of insignificant cancer but not to miss significant and curable tumors. In alternative treatments of prostate cancer, repeated sextant biopsies are used to estimate the response.

[Necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease) as a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathies. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis].

Background: The ENT specialist is often confronted with the inquiry as to the cause of lymph node enlargements. Common causes include inflammations, neoplastic, or autoimmune diseases. We report on three cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease as a benign self-limiting lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology, which is usually found in young women between 20 and 30 years of age.

[An unusual picture of insulinoma in type-2 diabetes mellitus and morbid obesity].

History And Clinical Findings: Marked hyperinsulinism was demonstrated in the course of an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in a 63-year-old woman with severe obesity (height 1.59 m, body weight 123 kg, body-mass index 46.4 kg/m2).

Remote quantitation server for quality assurance in DNA ploidy analysis.

Objective: To remotely test a stepwise framework of quality control measures, developed according to the 1997 European Society of Analytical Cellular Pathology consensus on diagnostic DNA image cytometry, in two series of measurements by means of the quantitation server EUROQUANT.

Study Design: In each of these series, 104 fine needle aspiration biopsies, imprints from breast cancer specimens and 28 rat liver imprints were measured twice at two different cytometry workstations. Further measurements on special rat liver specimens for evaluation of the stability of the machinery and of the preparation process were done at both workstations.

Nuclear image analysis of p53-positive and -negative cells in breast carcinoma.

Objective: To detect differences in nuclear morphology in breast carcinoma cells with different p53 expression.

Study Design: Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on paraffin sections from 88 breast cancers with the monoclonal antibody DO-1. By means of an image cytometry workstation, 500 nuclei were localized and categorized in an immunohistochemical staining scoring system in each case.

Correlation between p53 status, DNA ploidy, proliferation rate and nuclear morphology in breast cancer. An image cytometric study.

The study was designed to detect differences in the nuclear morphology of tumours and tumour cell populations with different p53 expression in correlation with DNA ploidy and proliferation rate. The paraffin sections from routinely processed samples of 88 breast cancers were immunostained with the monoclonal p53-antibody DO-1. After localization and evaluation with a scoring system the sections were destained and stained by the Feulgen method.