Evaluation of large clinically atypical vulvar pigmentation with RCM: atypical melanosis or early melanoma?

Background: Vulvar melanosis can occasionally be clinically challenging by mimicking an early melanoma.

Objective: To report our experience of initial evaluation and follow-up in this peculiar subset of vulvar melanosis using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 18 consecutive cases referred for atypical vulvar pigmentation or for which melanoma was considered and that underwent both RCM examination and histopathological assessment.

Bilateral uveitis and macular edema induced by Nivolumab: a case report.

Background: Nivolumab is a fully human antibody which is routinely used at first therapy for metastatic melanoma. Usually, side effects are immune-related adverse events. We report a case of a man who developed bilateral anterior uveitis and macular serous retinal detachment during nivolumab treatment for metastatic melanoma.

Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa decreases the number of motile normal spermatozoa, induces nuclear vacuolization and chromatin decondensation.

Even though cryopreservation of human spermatozoa is known to alter sperm motility and viability, it may also induce nuclear damages. The present study set out to determine whether or not cryopreservation alters motile sperm morphology under high magnification and/or is associated with chromatin decondensation. For 25 infertile men, we used high-magnification microscopy to determine the proportions of various types of motile spermatozoa before and after freezing-thawing: morphometrically normal spermatozoa with no vacuole (grade I), ≤ 2 small vacuoles (grade II), at least 1 large vacuole or >2 small vacuoles (grade III), and morphometrically abnormal spermatozoa (grade IV).