Inflammatory responses to infection in animal models: A comparison between susceptible and nonsusceptible hosts in different anatomical locations.

Background: Inflammation caused by infection increases the risk of cholangitis, cholecystitis, and leads to bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma or CCA). However, only certain infected individuals are susceptible to CCA, suggesting the involvement of host factors in cancer development. In addition, there are reports indicating differences in the locations of CCA.

Unraveling the relationship among inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and host susceptibility to infection: A comparative analysis in animal models.

Background And Aim: infection-induced inflammation contributes to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development in humans and animals. Inflammation generates free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which damage the host's DNA. However, only 5% of -infected individuals develop malignancy, suggesting that variations in the inflammatory response of individuals to the parasite may influence susceptibility.

Inflammatory cell responses in biliary mucosa during infection: Insights into susceptibility differences among hosts.

Background: Individual host susceptibility is believed to be a risk factor in the interaction between the host and the parasite. Since studying time series in humans is limited, animal models are replaced.

Aim: This study aims to explore and compare the pattern of inflammatory cell types along the biliary tract and their association with proliferative lesions in the early development of cholangiocarcinoma from susceptible and nonsusceptible animal models.