Background: The incidence of subaxial spinal metastases increases due to longer life expectancy resulting from successful modern cancer treatments. The three most utilized approaches for surgical treatment include the anterior, posterior, and combined approaches. However, despite increasing surgical volume, data on the postoperative complication profiles of different operative approaches for this patient population is scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The ultrasound-guided proximal intercostal block (PICB) is performed at the proximal intercostal space (ICS) between the internal intercostal membrane (IIM) and the endothoracic fascia/parietal pleura (EFPP) complex. Injectate spread may follow several routes and allow for multilevel trunk analgesia. The goal of this study was to examine the anatomical spread of large-volume PICB injections and its relevance to breast surgery analgesia.
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