Cutaneous Perforators and Their Clinical Implications on Intrinsic Hand Flaps: A Systematic Review.

Background: Most hand flaps are local intrinsic flaps because hand perforators are small and fragile. The purpose of this review was to gather anatomical data on cutaneous perforators of the hand and their implications on intrinsic hand flaps.

Methods: An electronic search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and CINAHL in April 2021.

Approach to gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia surgical techniques and its outcome: a systematic review.

Background: To date, various surgical techniques were developed for gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia surgery, providing surgeons vast range of options. These variations of techniques, however, may have different efficacy and results depending on the severity of patients' conditions.

Objectives: This review aims to delineate comprehensively the variations of surgical approaches to gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia in relation to surgical and patients' outcomes.

In situ simulation training for a better interprofessional team performance in transferring critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective randomised control trial.

Background: Transferring critically ill patients with COVID-19 is a challenging task; therefore, well-trained medical team is needed. This study aimed to determine the role of in situ simulation training during pandemic by using high-fidelity manikin to improve interprofessional communication, skills and teamwork in transferring critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Methods: This single-blinded randomised control trial included 40 subjects allocated into standard low-fidelity simulator (LFS) and high-fidelity simulator (HFS) groups.

A randomized controlled trial: Comparison of one-per-mil tumescent technique and tourniquet in surgery for burn hand contracture in creating clear operative field and assessment of functional outcome.

Background: This study aims to compare the use of one-per-mil tumescent solution (a mixture of epinephrine and 0.2% lidocaine in a ratio of 1:1,000,000 in normal saline solution) and tourniquet to create clear operative fields and to evaluate the functional outcomes after post burn hand contracture surgery.

Methods: The subjects of this randomized controlled trial were divided into one-permil tumescent technique and tourniquet group for a similar surgical procedure.

The Role of Interleukin 10 in Keloid Therapy: A Literature Review.

Introduction: Keloids are pathological wound healing responses to dermal injuries. These scars may lead to considerable morbidity, but treatments remain challenging for physicians. Interleukin 10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, plays a prominent role in fetal scarless regenerative healing; therefore, it may become a more targeted and effective therapy for keloids.

A critical review on the potential role of adipose-derived stem cells for future treatment of hypertrophic scars.

Introduction: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have recently gained researchers' interest as a solution to various diseases and conditions, including hypertrophic scar. This literature review aims to elucidate ASCs as a potential solution to alleviate hypertrophic scar in human subjects.

Methods: Literature search was done in databases which includes PubMed, MEDLINE, and ProQuest using terms 'adipose derived stem cells', 'adipose cells', 'fat graft', 'fat grafting', 'autologous fat graft', 'fat injection', 'lipofilling', 'scar management', 'scar treatment', 'burn scar', and 'wound management'.

Liposuction Assisted Gynecomastia Surgery With Minimal Periareolar Incision: a Systematic Review.

Background: This study aims to analyse the quality of studies and revisit the liposuction assisted gynecomastia surgery performed through minimal incision.

Methods: A systematic review, based on the literature in the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane, to the treatment of Simon's grade I and II gynecomastia was conducted using keywords "gynecomastia" AND "liposuction." Study appraisal was performed using MINORS to assess the methodological quality of the paper.

Indonesian plastic surgeons' attitude during early period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: This study aims to report how the practice of plastic surgeons and their attitude was during the first measure period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A survey study was held among members of the Indonesian Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons during week 5 after the first report of COVID-19. A 10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and 1 essay covered key questions on the area of surgery and operating room, clinics, internal meeting, and consultation.

Multiscreen to screen webinar for education beyond border: A review.

The COID-19 pandemic has forced people into a new way of adaptation with virtual meetings using videoconferencing apps.This study aims to report experiences of using a multiscreen to screen platform for sharing experiences in the form of Live Lecture and beyond. An observational study on distant CME events using multiscreen to screen webinar model was conducted from December 2019 - April 2020.

Torrential bleeding of arteriovenous malformation in hand post-ethanol sclerotherapy: A case report.

Embolization or sclerotherapy is considered as the first-line therapy for the management of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and can be performed directly targeting the nidus. Ethanol is an effective embolic agent; however, some complications may arise. This paper illustrates a case of torrential bleeding following ethanol sclerotherapy in a patient with progressive hand arteriovenous malformations with a poor prognosis and was suggested to be amputated.

Laboratory Study on Injection Force Measurement on Syringe and Needle Combinations.

Background: This study aimed to measure the least initial and maintenance forces of syringe and needle combinations to provide a reference for local anesthetic injection.

Methods: An experimental study was conducted in our Physics Laboratory during September 2015. A series of syringes sized 1 mL, 3 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL and 20 mL were paired with the original needles, 27G, 27G spinal and 30G.

Achilles tendon reconstruction with a half-width Achilles graft and wrap-around fascial flap.

A 70-year-old man complained imbalance while walking, inability to perform ankle flexion, and could not stand on tip-toe 3 months after injury. The ankle looked swollen with loss of Achilles contour and obvious gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a 5-cm Achilles tendon gap.

The safety of one-per-mil tumescent infiltration into tissue that has survived ischemia.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of one-per-mil tumescent injections into viable skin flaps that had survived an ischemic insult, in order to assess the potential suitability of one-per-mil tumescent injections in future secondary reconstructive procedures such as flap revision and refinements after replantation.

Methods: Forty groin flaps harvested from 20 healthy Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were subjected to acute ischemia by clamping the pedicle for 15 minutes. All flaps showing total survival on the 7th postoperative day were randomly divided into group A (one-per-mil tumescent infiltration; n=14), group B (normal saline infiltration; n=13), and group C (control, with no infiltration; n=13) before being re-elevated.

Management of asymptomatic silicone-injected breast with reduction mammoplasty.

Even though Silicone injection for breast augmentation has been related to disastrous long-term effects and complications, some patients do not develop significant symptoms at all (asymptomatic). Unfortunately, the management of asymptomatic Silicone-injected breast is still unclear and has never been reported exclusively. We present two cases of asymptomatic patients with a history of liquid Silicone injections who refused to have a mastectomy.