A Phase 1 randomized trial of homologous and heterologous filovirus vaccines with a late booster dose.

Filoviruses, including Ebola, Marburg, Sudan, and Taï Forest viruses, are zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe viral hemorrhagic fever and death. Developing vaccines that provide durable, broad immunity against multiple filoviruses is a high global health priority. In this Phase 1 trial, we enrolled 60 healthy U.

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin A Enzyme Immunoassays to Detect Primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infants and Young Children.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children <2 years of age. Prior infection in a child is usually determined by RSV antibodies; however, in young children, persisting maternal immunoglobulin G antibodies can incorrectly indicate past RSV infection. We developed and evaluated 4 immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) with the RSV F, subgroup G (Ga or Gb proteins) or RSV lysate antigens to distinguish infection induced from persisting maternal RSV antibodies.

Relative Contribution of Diagnostic Testing to the Diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Adults in the United States.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in older adults. Optimizing diagnosis could improve understanding of RSV burden.

Methods: We enrolled adults ≥50 years of age hospitalized with ARI and adults of any age hospitalized with congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations at 2 hospitals during 2 respiratory seasons (2018-2020).

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19-Related Hospitalizations: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study.

It is important to understand real-world BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE), especially among racial and ethnic minority groups. We performed a test-negative case-control study to measure BNT162b2 COVID-19 VE in the prevention of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory illness (ARI) hospitalizations at two Atlanta hospitals from May 2021-January 2023 and adjusted for potential confounders by multivariate analysis. Among 5139 eligible adults with ARI, 2763 (53.

Development and comparison of immunologic assays to detect primary RSV infections in infants.

Effective respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines have been developed and licensed for elderly adults and pregnant women but not yet for infants and young children. The RSV immune state of the young child, i.e.

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy protects infants against symptomatic COVID-19. Vaccination of lactating mothers may offer additional protection, but our understanding of immune responses in breast milk is limited. We, therefore, performed a single-center prospective cohort study of lactating mothers who received a COVID-19 mRNA primary vaccine series to evaluate the durability, breadth, and neutralizing capacity of the antibody responses in breast milk.

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Pre-pandemic Among Adults Hospitalized With Congestive Heart Failure or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Older Adults.

Background: Data are limited on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the prevention of influenza-related hospitalizations in older adults and those with underlying high-risk comorbidities.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, test-negative, case-control study at 2 US hospitals from October 2018-March 2020 among adults aged ≥50 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) and adults ≥18 years admitted with congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Adults were eligible if they resided in 1 of 8 counties in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia.

Longitudinal Neutralizing and Functional Antibody Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Following Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination.

In this longitudinal prospective cohort of healthy adults in the United States, we found that coronavirus disease 2019 messenger RNA primary series and booster vaccinations elicited high titers of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibodies, which gradually waned over 6 months, particularly against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants. These data support the indication for a subsequent booster vaccination.

Limited induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome compared with COVID-19.

Why multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) develops after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a subset of children is unknown. We hypothesized that aberrant virus-specific T cell responses contribute to MIS-C pathogenesis. We quantified SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells, serologic responses against major viral proteins, and cytokine responses from plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with convalescent COVID-19, in children with acute MIS-C, and in healthy controls.

Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 Capture IgM Antibody Assay in Convalescent Sera.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a global pandemic with over 152 million cases and 3.19 million deaths reported by early May 2021. Understanding the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to determining the burden of infection and disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) and transmission dynamics.

Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations may diminish vaccine-induced protective immune responses, particularly as antibody titers wane over time. Here, we assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.

The development and kinetics of functional antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, functional non-neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), are poorly understood. We developed an ADCC assay utilizing a stably transfected, dual-reporter target cell line with inducible expression of a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the cell surface. Using this assay, we analyzed 61 convalescent serum samples from adults with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and 15 samples from healthy uninfected controls.

A phase 1, randomized, controlled dose-escalation study of EP-1300 polyepitope DNA vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria administered via electroporation.

Unlabelled: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is one of the leading infectious causes of childhood mortality in Africa. EP-1300 is a polyepitope plasmid DNA vaccine expressing 38 cytotoxic T cell epitopes and 16 helper T cell epitopes derived from P. falciparum antigens expressed predominantly in the liver phase of the parasite's life cycle.

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2--United States, 1999-2010.

Background: Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are common infections with serious sequelae. HSV-1 is an increasingly important cause of genital herpes in industrialized countries.

Methods: Using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence among 14- to 49-year-olds in the United States.