Is Burkitt's lymphoma related to perinatal infection by Epstein-Barr virus?

Burkitt's lymphoma (B.L.) is very restricted geographically, whereas the Epstein-Barr virus (E.

In vitro transforming activity of EBV. I-Establishment and properties of two EBV strains (M81 and M72) produced by immortalized Callithrix jacchus lymphocytes.

In vitro transformation of Callithrix jacchus marmoset lymphocytes was achieved with a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) derived Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strain, HKLY-28. Two permanent and virus producing lymphoblastoid cell lines, M81 and M72, were obtained. Comparison between the original HKLY-28 line and both M81 and M72 lines showed that passage in the marmosets lymphocytes greatly enhanced viral production and transforming activity of the virus as observed in cottontop derived B95.

Immunogenetic aspects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. IV. Increased risk in Chinese of nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with a Chinese-related HLA profile (A2, Singapore 2).

The results of this study of 110 Singapore Chinese with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 91 controls confirmed the association between the occurrence of HLA antigen Singapore 2 (Sin2) and NPC in the Chinese population, and indicated that their increased risk for NPC was confined to the joint occurrence of Sin 2 and A2 antigens. These findings suggested that the genotype of importance in susceptibility to NPC is the A2-Sin 2 haplotype.

Epithelial characteristics of tumor cells in nasophasyngeal carcinoma.

Electron microscopy examination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma grafts in nude mice showed that the tumor cells retained their epithelial characteristics, as betrayed by the presence of keratin fibrils and of functional complexes at the cell membrane. Thus the cells positive for Epstein-Barr virus-specific nuclear antigen present in such grafts do represent the progeny of human epithelial tumor cells. C-type virus particles were observed in one tumor graft, indicating that epithelial human cells could pick up a mouse virus.

Herpes simplex-RAJI(A44), a new cell line for serologic testing by immunofluorescence.

An IF technique for the detection of HSV antibodies by using a lymphoblastoid cell line, Raji(A44), which continuously produce a constant amount of HSV antigen, is described. IF and IH tests were found to be similar with respect to sensitivity and reproducibility. Sero-conversions detected by the CF test were detected with this cell line.

[Epidemiology and nature of the association between herpesviruses (EBV and herpes simplex) and several human tumors. Recent results].

The association between EBV and two human tumours (BL and NPC) is presented. The BL prospective study conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer is progressing well, and up to date 10 pre-BL sera have been available and tested. The results show that not only every serum has VCA antibodies 7 to 31 months prior to tumour development, but that the VCA titres of such pre-BL sera appear higher than that of various age-sex matched controls.

Epstein-Barr virus: experimental infection of Callithrix jacchus marmosets.

Eight common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were inoculated with about 10(4) transforming units of B95-8 virus; seven of the marmosets died 50-111 days post inoculation and all seven showed microscopic and/or macroscopic lesions compatible with a diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease. Low levels of anti-VCA antibodies were detected in plasma from six marmosets. Attempts failed to establish continuous EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid cell cultures by cultivation in vitro of circulating lymphocytes or minced lymphoid tissues obtained at necropsy.

Comparison of zymogram of three lymphoblastoid cell lines with a new microtechnique.

The enzymatic activities of three lymphoblastoid cell lines were subjected to a comparative analysis of 22 enzymatic activities with a new microtechnique "Apizym". This method is easy, requires only a small number of cells and allows simultaneous testing of many enzymatic activities from the same sample. The three cell lines can be easily distinguished despite their close origin: NAB, derived from a malignant retroperitoneal mass in an American patient, is the cell line with the greatest total activity and HRlK (a clone of P3J, derived from an African lymphoma) with the lowest and RAJI (a non-virus producing line derived from an African lymphoma) being the intermediate.

[Prospective epidemiologic studies and the nature of the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)].

The prospective study carried out by the International Agency for Research on Cancer on the relationships between E.B.V.

[Epidemiology and etiology of childhood hematosarcomas].

Childhood tumours represents the second cause of death in socio-economically developed countries. Ethno-geographical variations in incidence of leukaemias and lymphosarcomas are presented, stressing the contrast between temperate and tropical areas, or between developed and developing countries. Exposure to chemical or biological agents during foetal life and the possible relation with childhood cancers, as well as the role of EBV in Burkitt's Lymphoma, are discussed.

Superinfection epithelial nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with Epstein-Barr virus.

Attempts were made to superinfect epithelial explant cell cultures prepared from nasopharyngeal carcinomas with Epstein-Barr virus. Virus-specific markers were observed in such cultures 3 days after superinfection. In addition, expression of Epstein-Barr virus early antigens was observed in epithelial cell explant cultures treated with iododeoxyuridine.

Immunity to antigens associated with a cell line derived from nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in non-Chinese NPC patients.

Delayed hypersensibility to antigens derived from four lymphoid cell lines was measured in 27 non-Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and 63 non-NPC cancer patients. Of the NPC patients, 17/27 (63%) had a positive skin test response to antigens derived from HKLY-28, a lymphoid cell line which was developed from an NPC biopsy. Only 10/51 (20%) and 1/13 (8%) patients with solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies, respectively, had positive skin test responses to HKLY-28.

Epstein-Barr virus behavior in different populations and implications for control of Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors.

The epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in populations at different risk for EBV-associated diseases indicates significant differences between the populations. EBV infection takes place much earlier in Uganda, where all children are infected before the age of 2 to 3 years, than in Southeast Asia, where nasopharyngeal carcinoma is prevalent. It is proposed that such early infection in Equatorial Africa is related to the risk for Burkitt's lymphoma.

Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus antigens. I. Biochemical analysis of the complement-fixing soluble antigen and relationship with Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen.

The Epstein-Barr virus-soluble (S) antigen extracted from RAJI cells was characterized by sucrose gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The sedimentation coefficient was estimated to be 8.5S corresponding to a molecular weight of 180,000.

Letter: In vitro induction of EBV early antigens in NPC epithelial tumour cells by IUDR or superinfection.

Induction of early antigens in the epithelial tumour cells of NPC was achieved both by IUDR treatment and EBV superinfection.

Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens II. Detection of early antigen (S) using anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) et complement fixation (CF) tests.

Using human sera having antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigens (EA) but lacking antibodies directed against the EB nuclear antigen (EBNA), the detection of EBV/EA was possible both by the anticomplement immunofluorescent test (ACIF) and by the classical complement fixation test (CF). The latter is particularly suitable for biochemical studies on EA.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. IX. Antibodies to EBNA and correlation with response to other ebv antigens in chinese patients.

Ninety-five sera from Chinese NPC patients in different stages of the disease, 38 sera from Chinese patients with other cancers, and 50 normal Chinese sera, were titrated for EBNA, VCA, EA and complement-fixing (CF/S) EBV-specific antibodies. The geometric mean (GMT) EBNA antibody titre of patients with NPC at stage I was found to be four times higher than that of normal individuals and increased in parallel with clinical deterioration. Antibody titres against EBNA did not correlate with either VCA or EA antibodies but, in general, correlated with CF/S antibodies.

[Epidemiological study of primary tumors of the neuraxis in the Rhone-Alps region. Quantitative data on the etiology and geographical distribution of 1670 tumors].

The authors present a retrospective study of 670 histologically verified tumours of the neuraxis collected over 90 months in the Neurological Hospital, Lyons. The main facts concerning histological type, topography of the tumour, date of diagnosis, address, profession, O.B.

The relationship between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the HL-A system among Tunisians.

Previous reports have demonstrated an association between the HL-A system and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma among the Chinese in Singapore. The present paper describes an investigation of HL-A profiles among NPC cases and non-NPC controls from Tunisia, to determine whether a similar association occurs in a different ethnic group. A total of 109 NPC cases and 84 controls were typed.

Plastic replicas as three-dimensional models of pulps.

It has been found that the plastic models significantly enhance the student's knowledge of the anatomy of teeth as it relates to operative dentistry. The fact that the models are three-dimensional eliminates guesswork as to the exact position of the pulp, and the rigidity of the plastic cast enhances the recovery of morphological features of the pulp as it existed in the natural tooth.

[Immunovirological factors in epitheliomas of the rhinopharynx].

The epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) suggests the intervention of genetic factors. These factors may be represented by a specific HL-A pattern (leucocyte antigens) as found in Chinese NPC patients (deficit of antigens corresponding to the second sublocus and discovery of a new antigen, named SIN-2). The association between NPC and a herpesvirus (the EBV) is based on elevated antibodies against a variety of EBV coded antigens, on cell mediated immune reactions, and on the regular presence of viral fingerprints in the epithelial tumour cells (viral DNA and nuclear antigen -- EBNA).