Sub‑chronic administration of lead alters markers of oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase and Na+K+‑ATPase activities in rat brain.

This study investigated the effects of sub‑chronic administration of lead (Pb) acetate on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA‑RS), total sulfhydryl content, protein carbonyl content, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GSH‑Px]), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Na+K+‑ATPase in the cerebral structures of rats. Male Wistar rats aged 60 days were treated with saline (control group) or Pb (treatment group), at various doses, by gavage, once a day for 35 days. The animals were sacrificed twelve hours after the last administration, and the cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex were removed.

Concepts of Neuroinflammation and Their Relationship With Impaired Mitochondrial Functions in Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disease, characterized by frequent behavioral episodes of depression and mania, and neurologically by dysregulated neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, growth factor signaling, and metabolism, as well as oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis, contributing to chronic neuroinflammation. These abnormalities result from complex interactions between multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors such as stress. The neurocellular abnormalities of BD can result in gross morphological changes, such as reduced prefrontal and hippocampal volume, and circuit reorganization resulting in cognitive and emotional deficits.

Protective effect of resveratrol on citrullinemia type I-induced brain oxidative damage in male rats.

Citrullinemia Type I is an inborn error, which leads to accumulation of citrulline and ammonia in blood and body tissues. We evaluated the in vitro effects of citrulline, ammonia and the influence of resveratrol on oxidative stress parameters in the cerebrum of 30- and 60-day-old male Wistar rats. Citrulline (0.

Effects of resveratrol on alterations in cerebrum energy metabolism caused by metabolites accumulated in type I citrullinemia in rats.

We investigated the in vitro effects of citrulline (0.1, 2.5 and 5.

Antioxidant and antidepressant-like effects of Eugenia catharinensis D. Legrand in an animal model of depression induced by corticosterone.

This work investigated the antioxidant and antidepressant-like effects of ethyl acetate extract from Eugenia catharinensis in mice treated with corticosterone (20 mg/Kg). The animals received saline or corticosterone (21 days) and, in the last 7 days, they were treated with the extract (50, 125, 200 or 250 mg/Kg) or vehicle. After 24 h, the mice were submitted to the open field and forced swimming tests, after which the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were removed.

Antioxidant effects on the intracerebroventricular galactose damage in rats.

We investigated the effects of the intracerebroventricular infusion of galactose and the influence of pretreatment with antioxidants on oxidative stress parameters and acethylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain of 60-day-old Wistar rats (6 per group). The animals were divided into naïve group (did not undergo surgery); procedure group (only underwent surgery); sham group (underwent surgery and received 5 μL saline) and galactose group (received 5 μL of galactose solution (5.0 mM) by intracerebroventricular injection), and were killed by decapitation after 1 h.