City composition and accessibility statistics in and around Paris.

Introduction: Is Paris a 15-min city, where inhabitants can access essential amenities such as schools and shops with a 15-min walk or bike ride? The concept of a 15-min (more generally, X-minute) city was launched in the French capital and was part of the current mayor's plan in her latest re-election campaign. Yet, its fit with the existing urban structure had not been previously assessed.

Methods: This article combines open map data from a large participatory project and geo-localized socio-economic data from official statistics to fill this gap.

Tendon transfers to restore elbow flexion.

Elbow flexion paralysis is one of most significant deficiencies in the upper limb. When secondary to brachial plexus palsy or nerve trunk lesions, restoration of elbow flexion by means of early nerve surgery or palliative transfers should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Tendon transfers are indicated in long-standing palsies, in those who are poor candidates for nerve surgery or when the results of nerve surgery are inadequate.

Influence of methotrexate on the frequency of postoperative infectious complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of methotrexate (MTX) on the frequency of postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We conducted a randomized unblinded prospective study in 64 patients with RA treated with MTX and who underwent orthopedic surgery. Two groups of patients were constituted: in Group A (32 patients), MTX was interrupted 7 days before the surgery; in Group B (32 patients), MTX was not discontinued.

[Tenosynovectomy of the flexors in rheumatoid polyarthritis. Analytic study of short term and long term mobility of the fingers].

Between 1970 and 1988, 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis underwent flexor tenosynovectomy. Fifty patients were reviewed (64 hands). The diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis remains a clinical diagnosis.

Severe electric injuries of the hand and forearm.

Electrical injuries of the upper limb produce major destruction of tissue mainly affecting the forearm, since the hand is usually the site of entry of current. Limb salvage, if it is to be successful, requires the rapid institution of a number of surgical procedures. Vein grafting to restore blood supply is frequently required and just as frequently requires skin flap cover following adequate debridement.

[Radio-carpal amputation and prosthesis].

Radio-carpal amputation was rejected for a long time because of the difficulties of fitting both myoelectrical and mechanical prostheses, only allowing a purely aesthetic prosthesis. As a result of miniaturization of control systems and the progress in computers, we believe that this now constitutes the best site for amputation whenever it is possible. Preservation of the antero-posterior bony contours of the radius allows the use of short sockets attached by a system of clips.

["Desensitization" technique in the rehabilitation of the painful hand].

Hand injury patients fairly frequently develop, soon after the injury, hypersensitivity phenomena on contact of the hand with the environment, which may lead to exclusion of the hand. The authors attempt to explain this syndrome on the basis of the pathophysiological theories concerning pain. American authors have proposed an original desensitization treatment based on simple and varied techniques, which provides extremely encouraging results.