Routine laboratory biomarkers used to predict Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria involved in bloodstream infections.

This study evaluated routine laboratory biomarkers (RLB) to predict the infectious bacterial group, Gram-positive (GP) or Gram-negative (GN) associated with bloodstream infection (BSI) before the result of blood culture (BC). A total of 13,574 BC of 6787 patients (217 BSI-GP and 238 BSI-GN) and 68 different RLB from these were analyzed. The logistic regression model was built considering BSI-GP or BSI-GN as response variable and RLB as covariates.

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sulbactam/Meropenem/Polymyxin-B Combination Against Extremely Drug Resistant Using Checkerboard Information.

The aims of the study are to evaluate the activity of sulbactam, meropenem, and polymyxin B alone and in combination against six isolates of extremely drug resistant and to determine dosing regimens that achieve a sufficient joint probability of target attainment (PTA) based on combination antimicrobial pharmacodynamics. The combinations were evaluated by the checkerboard method and were considered synergistic when the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ≤0.5.

Synergistic activity of polymyxin B combined with vancomycin against carbapenem-resistant and polymyxin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: first in vitro study.

Purpose: The effect of a combination of polymyxin B (PMB) and vancomycin (VAN) was assessed against six Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates belonging to six different clusters (three PMB-susceptible and three PMB-resistant).

Methodology: The synergistic effect of the PMB-VAN combination was determined with the checkerboard, time-kill, disk-diffusion and M.I.

What does the susceptible-dose dependent interpretive category for cefepime in ESBL-producing bacteria?

In this study, we investigated the frequency of isolates included in the susceptible-dose dependent (SDD) category, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, carrying bla, bla and bla genes among 92 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 80 Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates. The presence of one or more extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes was observed in 64% K. pneumoniae and 69% E.

Strategies for the treatment of polymyxin B-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.

In this study, the activity of meropenem (MEM), fosfomycin (FOF) and polymyxin B (PMB), alone and in combination, was analysed. In addition, optimisation of the pharmacodynamic index of MEM and FOF against six isolates of OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii (including three resistant to PMB) that were not clonally related was assessed. Antimicrobial combinations were evaluated by chequerboard analysis and were considered synergistic when the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was ≤0.

ISAba1/blaOXA-23: A serious obstacle to controlling the spread and treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii strains.

This study demonstrated a direct correlation between Acinetobacter baumannii clusters carrying the ISAba1/blaOXA-23 gene and increased minimal inhibitory concentrations for carbapenems and greater clonal diversity. Our findings showed that clusters carrying ISAba1 are widely distributed in our hospital, further complicating the treatment and control of infections caused by A baumannii.

A rapid and simple method to detect ESBL in Enterobacter cloacae based on MIC of cefepime.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify a rapid and simple phenotypic method for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) detection in Enterobacter cloacae.

Methods: A total of 79 consecutive, non-repeated samples of E. cloacae were evaluated.

Can ampicillin/sulbactam resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii be predicted accurately by disk diffusion?

The objective of this study was to compare the performance of disk diffusion and agar dilution for the determination of susceptibility to ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, polymyxin B and tigecycline of 121 Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods were performed as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). For SAM, in addition the Etest method was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.