Flavan-Benzofurans from : Their Intracellular Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Docking to Glutathione Reductase.

Phytochemical investigation of Buch.-Ham (Moraceae) leaves led to the identification of three of the rarely found flavan-benzofuranes named artocarpinol C (), 3--artocarpinol C (), and artocarpinol D () along with six known flavan derivatives. Thus, a total of six artocarpinols are now described.

Fluorescent molecular rotors as versatile in situ sensors for protein quantitation.

Accurate protein quantitation is essential for many cellular mechanistic studies. Existing technology relies on extrinsic sample evaluation that requires significant volumes of sample as well as addition of assay-specific reagents and importantly, is a terminal analysis. This study exploits the unique chemical features of a fluorescent molecular rotor that fluctuates between twisted-to-untwisted states, with a subsequent intensity increase in fluorescence depending on environmental conditions (e.

Insecticidal and growth inhibitory effects of some thymol derivatives on the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their impact on detoxification enzymes.

Background: Thymol is a known natural product with insecticidal activity against several insect species. A recent study on structural modifications of thymol to thymyl esters and their efficacy against Spodoptera litura suggested that such an approach could develop generalized novel insecticides/insect growth inhibitors and requires further studies to establish the efficacy against lepidopterans.

Results: Thymol and structurally modified eight esters were evaluated against beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua using the topical application.

Synthesis of thymyl esters and their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Background: Thymol, a natural phenolic monoterpene originating from Thymus vulgaris, is recognized as a safe and potent botanical insecticide to many insects. The structural modification of thymol into thymyl esters is a potential approach for the development of novel insecticides, which showed more toxicity than thymol. However, there are no reports on the insecticidal activity of thymyl esters to control Spodoptera litura.

Economy of Catalyst Synthesis-Convenient Access to Libraries of Di- and Tetranaphtho Azepinium Compounds.

Efficient optimization procedures in chiral catalysis are usually linked to a straightforward strategy to access groups of structurally similar catalysts required for fine-tuning. The ease of building up such ligand libraries can be increased when the structure-modifying step (introduction of a substituent) is done at a later stage of the synthesis. This is demonstrated for the extended family of di- and tetranaphtho azepinium compounds, widely used as chiral phase transfer catalysts (PTC).

TOXICITY OF THE SEEDS OF PHASEOLUS LATHYROIDES (LEGUMINOSAE) AGAINST SPODOPTERA LITURA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE).

The seeds of Phaseolus lathyroides were extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively by Soxhlet apparatus. Each crude extract was examined for toxicity against the second instars of Spodoptera litura using a topical application method under laboratory conditions. The ethyl acetate extract showed the most effective mortality (LD₅₀ = 11,964 and 9,169 ppm after treated at 24 and 48 hours, respectively).