An injectable hydrogel of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix for accelerated wound healing.

Hydrogel formulations of xenogeneic extracellular matrices have been widely used for topical wound care because of their exceptional tunability over other formulations like lyophilized sheets, powders, non-injectable gels, pastes, and ointments. This is important in the treatment of wounds with irregular shapes and depth. This study identified an injectable hydrogel formulation of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix (60%) in medical-grade carboxymethyl cellulose (40%) as vehicle and evaluated its biomaterial properties.

Hybrid and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Vechur cattle - elucidating genetic variation.

Cattle contribute to the nutritional needs and economy of a place. The performance and fitness of cattle depend on the response and adaptation to local climatic conditions. Genomic and genetic studies are important for advancing cattle breeding, and availability of relevant reference genomes is essential.

Wound-Healing Efficacy of Insulin-Loaded Strontium-Cross-Linked Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Diabetic Rats.

The wound-healing effect of insulin is well studied and reported. However, prolonged topical application of insulin without compromising its biological activity is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of topically delivered insulin on promoting wound healing in diabetic animals was evaluated.

Mitigation of Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Using a Porcine Cholecyst Extracellular Matrix.

Fibrosis that occurs after nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) is an irreversible reparative cardiac tissue remodeling process characterized by progressive deposition of highly cross-linked type I collagen. No currently available therapeutic strategy prevents or reverses MI-associated fibrotic scarring of myocardium. In this study, we used an epicardial graft prepared of porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix to treat experimental nonfatal MI in rats.

A porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix conductive scaffold for cardiac tissue repair.

Cardiac tissue engineering using cells, scaffolds or signaling molecules is a promising approach for replacement or repair of damaged myocardium. This study addressed the contemporary need for a conductive biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering by examining the use of a gold nanoparticle-incorporated porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix for the same. The scaffold had an electrical conductivity (0.

Gelatin-Modified Cholecyst-Derived Scaffold Promotes Angiogenesis and Faster Healing of Diabetic Wounds.

Compromised angiogenesis is a major factor contributing delayed wound healing in diabetic patients. Graft-assisted healing using synthetic and natural scaffolds supplemented with micromolecules for stimulating angiogenesis is the contemporary tissue engineering strategy for treating diabetic wounds. This study deployed the carbodiimide chemical reaction for coupling gelatin with a porcine cholecyst-derived scaffold (CDS) for enhancing angiogenesis.

Surface Modification of Polypropylene Mesh with a Porcine Cholecystic Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Mitigating Host Tissue Reaction.

Polypropylene (PP) meshes are widely used for repairing skeletal muscle defects like abdominal hernia despite the chances of undesirable pro-inflammatory tissue reactions that demand revision surgeries in about 45% of cases. Attempts have been made to address the problem by modifying the mesh surface and architecture. These procedures have yielded only incremental improvements in the management of overall postoperative complications, and the search for a clinically viable therapeutic strategy continues.

Tinospora cordifolia ameliorated titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity via regulating oxidative stress-activated MAPK and NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP) has been suggested for use in fish farms to prevent or alleviate bacterial diseases owing to its bactericidal property. Unfortunately, the interaction of TNP with cells impaired the host defenses of fish resulting in increased mortality during bacterial challenges. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCE) as a dietary supplement in ameliorating TNP induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Controlled cross-linking of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix for preparing tissue engineering scaffold.

Treatment with cross-linking agents for stabilizing biomolecules is an integral step during the preparation of many extracellular matrix-based tissue engineering scaffolds from mammalian organs. However, excess cross-linking may cause nonavailability of biomolecules and consequent deterioration of bioinductive properties of the scaffold. The present study considered controlling the extent of cross-linking in a porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix scaffold prepared by a nonenzymatic and nondetergent method, by ex situ incubation of the source organ in varying concentrations of neutral buffered formaldehyde (10, 4, 1 or 0%; v/v) for in situ cross-linking of biomolecules.

Hepatoprotective effect of Lobelia alsinoides Lam. in Wistar rats.

Background: Traditional healing practitioners of South India use fine paste (an Ayurvedic dosage form known as 'kalka') of Lobelia alsinoides Lam., an ethno medicinal plant for curing hepatic diseases.

Objective: To evaluate in-vivo hepatoprotective effect of a candidate formulation viz.

A porcine-cholecyst-derived scaffold for treating full thickness lacerated skin wounds in dogs.

In regenerative medicine, despite the chances of graft-rejection, scaffolds prepared from extracellular matrices of various mammalian organs/tissues are widely used. Graft-assisted healing of full thickness skin-wounds is a major use of these bioscaffolds. Therefore, considering its prospective clinical use as a wound healing matrix, this study evaluated the healing potential of porcine cholecyst-derived scaffold (CDS) prepared by a non-detergent/enzymatic method for treating naturally occurring full thickness lacerated wounds in dogs.

An Immunopathological Evaluation of the Porcine Cholecyst Matrix as a Muscle Repair Graft in a Male Rat Abdominal Wall Defect Model.

With the increasing use of animal-based biomaterials for regenerative medical applications, the need for their safety assessment is paramount. A porcine cholecyst-derived scaffold (CDS), intended as a muscle repair graft, prepared by a nondetergent/enzymatic method was engrafted in a rat abdominal wall defect model. Host tissue-scaffold interface samples were collected 2, 8, and 16 weeks postimplantation and evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy.

A gold nanoparticle coated porcine cholecyst-derived bioscaffold for cardiac tissue engineering.

Extracellular matrices of xenogeneic origin have been extensively used for biomedical applications, despite the possibility of heterogeneity in structure. Surface modification of biologically derived biomaterials using nanoparticles is an emerging strategy for improving topographical homogeneity when employing these scaffolds for sophisticated tissue engineering applications. Recently, as a tissue engineering scaffold, cholecyst derived extracellular matrix (C-ECM) has been shown to have several advantages over extracellular matrices derived from other organs such as jejunum and urinary bladder.

Increased sensitivity of BRCA defective triple negative breast tumors to plumbagin through induction of DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB).

We have earlier shown that Plumbagin (PB) can induce selective cytotoxicity to BRCA1 defective ovarian cancer cells; however, the effect of this molecule in BRCA1 mutated breast cancers has not been analyzed yet. Here, we report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PB resulted in DNA DSB and activates downstream signaling by ATR/ATM kinases and subsequent apoptosis. PB reduces DNA- dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) expression and inhibits NHEJ (Non Homologous End Joining) activity in BRCA1 defective breast cancer cells.

Comparative cytomorphometric analysis of oral mucosal cells in normal, tobacco users, oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the third most common cause of oral morbidity in India despite the numerous advances made in the treatment protocol.

Aim: To compare the cytomorphometric changes of oral mucosal cells in normal subjects (Group I) with that of tobacco users without any lesion (Group II), tobacco users with oral leukoplakia (Group III), and tobacco users with oral SCC (Group IV) through a semi-automated image analysis system.

Materials And Methods: Oral mucosal cells collected from study subjects (n = 100) stained using rapid Papanicolaou stain.

Fibroblast-loaded cholecyst-derived scaffold induces faster healing of full thickness burn wound in rabbit.

Graft-assisted healing is often proposed for clinical management of large-sized third-degree cutaneous burn wounds. Skin-graft substitutes prepared by loading appropriate cell types on suitable scaffolds have been found successful. We have previously shown that cholecyst-derived scaffold prepared by a non-detergent/enzymatic method can be used as skin-graft substitute for promoting healing of full thickness excision wounds in rabbit.

Comparative profiling of extractable proteins in extracellular matrices of porcine cholecyst and jejunum intended for preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds.

Scaffolds prepared from cholecyst and jejunum have differential immunological potential, despite similar biocompatibility, when used as subcutaneous grafts. The reason for differential immunogenicity is probably due to differences in the nature of protein composition and biomolecules in the extracellular matrices (ECMs) of source organs that are used for preparation of the scaffolds. Against this background, the present study aims to identify the extractable proteins of ECMs derived from porcine cholecyst and jejunum.

Wound healing potential of scaffolds prepared from porcine jejunum and urinary bladder by a non-detergent/enzymatic method.

Scaffolds prepared using extracellular matrices of mammalian organs/tissues, when used as grafts, have wound healing potential. This paper evaluated the physical properties and in vivo wound healing potential of jejunum-derived scaffold (JDS) and urinary bladder-derived scaffold (UDS) of porcine origin prepared by a non-detergent/enzymatic method. The former had higher flexural rigidity and suture retention strength compared to the latter, but both of them had the essential flexural rigidity and suture retention strength required for skin grafts.

Comparative local immunogenic potential of scaffolds prepared from porcine cholecyst, jejunum, and urinary bladder in rat subcutaneous model.

Extracellular matrices isolated from several mammalian organs/tissues have found several clinical uses as xenografts or implants. However, they may cause complications because of adverse immunologic reactions. Scaffolds that promote favorable graft-acceptance reaction are preferred for fabricating xenografts.

Biocompatibility and Immunophenotypic Characterization of a Porcine Cholecyst-derived Scaffold Implanted in Rats.

Comparative histomorphological assessment of local response to implanted reference biomaterial, also called biocompatibility testing/evaluation, in an appropriate animal model is a widely practiced safety evaluation procedure performed on biomaterials before clinical use. Standardized protocols and procedures, originally designed for testing synthetic materials, available for the testing/evaluation do not account for the immunogenic potential of a candidate biomaterial. Therefore, it is appropriate to supplement the routine biocompatibility test reports with adjunct data that may provide insight into the immunogenic potential of candidate biomaterials, especially when testing biomaterials that are derived from mammalian sources.

Biomaterial properties of cholecyst-derived scaffold recovered by a non-detergent/enzymatic method.

Isolation procedures for the recovery of extracellular matrices (ECMs) from animal organs/tissues that are useful in regenerative medicine involve multiple sequential steps/stages including collection of the source organ at slaughter, their transportation to laboratory, decellularization, decontamination, stabilization, and sterilization. Most of these steps require extensive use of chemicals/reagents/enzymes which may also adversely affect the quality of the scaffold. With an effort to minimize the use of chemicals/reagents/enzymes, while extracting biomaterial-grade ECM from porcine cholecyst (gall bladder), we performed preisolation ex situ incubation of the organ in a stabilizing agent that also caused in situ crosslinking of tissue-components and delaminated the collagen-rich ECM from the tissue-layer beneath the mucosa.

Porcine cholecyst-derived scaffold promotes full-thickness wound healing in rabbit.

Graft-assisted healing is an important strategy for treating full-thickness skin wounds. This study evaluated the properties of porcine cholecyst-derived scaffold and its use for treating full-thickness skin wound in rabbit. The physical properties of cholecyst-derived scaffold were congenial for skin-graft application.

Phenotypic modulation of cell types around implanted polyethylene terephthalate fabric in rabbit muscle.

Whereas the nature of healing reaction in skeletal muscle following implantation of biomaterial has been extensively studied, the extent of variation in cell phenotypes is poorly known. Here, we studied the phenotypic alteration of cell types following injury in skeletal muscle of rabbits implanted with a commonly used biomaterial, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. Following implantation, histomorphological features were studied after 1, 4, and 12 weeks.

Characterizing nanoscale topography of the aortic heart valve basement membrane for tissue engineering heart valve scaffold design.

A fully effective prosthetic heart valve has not yet been developed. A successful tissue-engineered valve prosthetic must contain a scaffold that fully supports valve endothelial cell function. Recently, topographic features of scaffolds have been shown to influence the behavior of a variety of cell types and should be considered in rational scaffold design and fabrication.