Development of pH-adjusted NMR methodology for quantitation of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and evaluation of their antimalignant pleural mesothelioma potential.

Quantitative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) is challenging due to their structural similarities and susceptibility to isomerization and degradation. To overcome these limitations, a pH-adjusted quantitative H NMR (qHNMR) method is proposed for evaluating different CQAs in the extracts using a MeOD/HEPES-d buffer. This method was applied to measure the concentrations of chlorogenic acid (1) and 3,5-di-CQA (4) in Cuscuta japonica extract, and of chlorogenic acid (1) in green coffee bean extracts.

Maximizing tuberculosis services through private provider engagement - A case study from Pakistan.

Pakistan is the fourth highest contributor to the globally estimated 3.7 million tuberculosis (TB) cases. Due to the subpar condition of public sector facilities in Pakistan, the private sector remains the preferred choice, with over 90% of people accessing it for TB care.

Factors influencing utilization of school health nurse program among secondary students of Lalitpur, Nepal: a mixed-method study.

Background: Acknowledging the unique health needs of school children, the Government of Nepal launched the "One School One Nurse" initiative, which was first implemented by the Provincial Government of Bagmati Province in 2018/2019. The program aims to improve health outcomes among school children by deploying a certified nurse in community schools who provides preventive healthcare, health education and first-aid services. Though the program is being scaled up over provinces, it is in its initial stage of development and there are scarce published literature available about the program.

Transcriptional control of T cell tissue adaptation and effector function in infants and adults.

The first years of life are essential for the development of memory T cells, which rapidly populate the body's diverse tissue sites during infancy. However, the degree to which tissue memory T cell responses in early life reflect those during adulthood is unclear. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing of resting and activated T cells from lymphoid and mucosal tissues of infant (aged 2-9 months) and adult (aged 40-65 years) human organ donors to dissect the transcriptional programming of memory T cells over age.

Investigation on morphological and molecular fingerprints of penguin brain using label-free optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques.

The morphology and molecular study of the penguin brain are crucial to define its survival in the extreme conditions of Antarctica. The present study focusses on extracting different optical parameters of the penguin brain using label-free optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques. In label-free optical imaging, we have used quantitative phase imaging, which provides morphological information about the neurons in brain tissue, giving the quantitative phase value of 5 to 20 radians corresponding to the 8 µm tissue section.

Quantum mechanics-based structural analysis of phenolic glycosides from Cuscuta japonica seeds with protective effects against HO-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells.

Japanese dodder (Cuscuta japonica Choisy) is a parasitic plant with diverse pharmaceutical properties that has demonstrated great promise for the development of dietary supplements and herbal medicines. A systematic phytochemical investigation of dodder seeds yielded 12 previously undescribed aromatic glycosides (1-12) and eight known constituents (13-20) from various groups, including phenolics, flavonoids, and lignan glycosides. Compound structures were determined using a combination of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Health and tuberculosis systems resilience, the role of the private sector and pandemic preparedness: insights from a cross-country qualitative study with policy-makers in India, Indonesia and Nigeria.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented challenge to health systems worldwide and had a severe impact on tuberculosis (TB) case notifications and service delivery. India, Indonesia and Nigeria are high TB-burden countries where the majority of initial care-seeking happens in the private health sector. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore policy-makers' perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on private sector TB service delivery in India, Indonesia and Nigeria and (2) identify cross-cutting insights for pandemic preparedness with respect to TB service delivery.

Antibacterial Activity of Silver-Modified CuO Nanoparticle-Coated Masks.

A green and cost-effective sonochemical synthetic method was followed for coating silver-modified copper oxide (Ag-CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) on disposable surgical mask. The NP-coated masks were systematically characterized using XRD and FT-IR for understanding the structural and surface functionalities. In addition, the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis showed the homogeneous coating of Ag-CuO NPs over the mask fibers.

Monovalent and Divalent Designs of Copper Radiotheranostics Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein in Cancer.

: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted theranostic radiopharmaceuticals have shown desired tumor-to-background organ selectivity due to the ubiquitous presence of FAP within the tumor microenvironment. However, suboptimal tumor retention and fast clearance have hindered their use to deliver effective cancer therapies. With well-documented FAP-targeting moieties and linkers appending them to optimal chelators, the development of copper radiopharmaceuticals has attracted considerable interest, given the fact that an ideal theranostic pair of copper radionuclides (Cu: t = 12.

Intraoperative indocyanine green with ultrasound-guided localization as prodigious adjuncts explicating negative margin in functional insulinoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with an incidence of one to four cases per million annually and a 5 % to 10 % association with hereditary multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1. While most insulinomas are benign and well-encapsulated, approximately 6 % may have malignant potential. Intraoperative localization remains a vital component of treatment, often facilitated by modern imaging techniques like intraoperative ultrasound and fluorescence modalities.

The long-term impact of vaccine clinical research on national stakeholders involved: Experience from a low-income Country.

Clinical trials are the most rigorous scientific and regulated method to investigate the safety and efficacy of vaccines or drugs in pre-licensure stage. Clinical trial design and implementation are complex, time-consuming and involves close engagement with country's regulatory authority, clinical trial sites, investigators, and the healthcare system. Over the past few decades, a significant number of clinical trials have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in resource-limited settings.

Prognostic Implications of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Severe Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation.

Background: The prevalence and impact of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is unknown. We aimed to determine whether RVD assessed by echocardiography in routine clinical practice is independently associated with mortality in patients with DMR.

Methods And Results: We used data from the MIDA-Q (Mitral Regurgitation International DAtabase-Quantitative) registry, which included patients with isolated DMR due to mitral valve prolapse from January 2003 to January 2020 from 5 tertiary centers across North America, Europe, and the Middle East.

Parental motivations and perceived barriers to participating in pediatric vaccine clinical trials: Findings from the OCV-S trial in Nepal.

Background: Pediatric vaccine clinical trials are crucial for evaluating and ensuring the safety and efficacy of new vaccines for children. However, in low-resource settings like Nepal, where clinical trials are relatively new, recruitment and retention of participants are challenging particularly due to diverse parental backgrounds, motivations and concerns. As such, parental motivations, perceived barriers, and experiences of participating in pediatric vaccine trial in Nepal, which hasn't previously been explored, needs to be understood.

Surface plasmon enhanced auto-fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy for low-level detection of biological pathogens.

The current culture-based bacterial detection technique is time-consuming and requires an extended sample preparation methodology. We propose the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface plasmon-enhanced auto-fluorescence spectroscopy (SPEAS) for the label-free identification and quantification of bacterial pathogens at low concentrations collecting its unique auto-fluorescence and Raman signatures utilising highly anisotropic three-dimensional nanostructures of silver nano dendrites (Ag-NDs). The SERS data facilitates qualitative bacterial identification using the spectral features coming from the bacterial cell wall compound, and the SPEAS data was utilised to gain unique auto-fluorescence spectra present on the bacterial cell wall with enhanced quantification.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Cytorhabdovirus Associated with Pear (P. communis 'Bartlett') Through RNA-seq.

Novel viruses in plants can be detected through transcriptome data mining. In this study, a novel cytorhabdovirus, pear rhabdovirus 1 (PRV-1) was identified through reanalysis of RNA-seq data of pear (P. communis 'Bartlett').

Intraoperative Tranexamic Acid in Radical Cystectomy: Impact on Bleeding, Thromboembolism, and Survival Outcomes.

Purpose: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) has been reported in > 50% of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Unfortunately, PBT in patients undergoing RC has been associated with poor oncological outcomes. Tranexamic acid (TXA) use has been proposed to decrease the need for PBT.

Validation of the Updated Alternate Fistula Risk Score for Prediction of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background And Aim: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a significant challenge following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), contributing to morbidity and mortality. Various risk assessment models have been established to predict the likelihood of POPF. An updated alternate fistula risk score (ua-FRS) has been recently refined and validated within European cohorts.

Risk Factors and Clinico-laboratory Characteristics of Scrub Typhus in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital of Nepal.

Backgrounds: Scrub Typhus is a re-emerging illness with considerable morbidity and mortality and affected children have nonspecific sign symptoms. This study was conducted to find out the risk factors, clinical characteristics and laboratory profile and treatment outcome of scrub typhus among the children admitted in tertiary level pediatric hospital for febrile illness.

Methods: A case control study was conducted among hospitalized children with acute febrile illness in a government pediatric referral hospital of central Nepal for two years (2021 to Sept 2023), who were tested using Scrub Typhus Antibody Rapid Test Kit.

Intraoperative Variations of the Gastrocolic Trunk of Henle noted in Gastrointestinal Surgeries.

Background: The gastro-colic trunk of Henle is a venous trunk that comprises the veins draining the stomach and colon and is an important landmark for various gastro-intestinal surgeries. Understanding the anatomy of these vessels may enhance the surgical outcome. The aim of this study is, to assess the Intraoperative variations of the Gastrocolic Trunk of Henle noted in gastrointestinal surgeries in a tertiary care center.

Role of B7-H3 in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy offers a modest survival advantage in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) for patients with pathologic response. B7-H3 (), an immune checkpoint overexpressed in various cancers, including urothelial-cell carcinoma (UCC), has been associated with chemoresistance and poor oncologic outcomes. We aimed to explore if B7H3 expression on bladder biopsy samples was a predictive biomarker for pathologic response to neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.

Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: Assessment of perfusion at pancreatic resection margin during pancreatoduodenectomy: A cross sectional study.

Background: Clinically relevant-postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) is one of the dreaded complications of pancreatoduodenectomy. Vascularity of the stump of the pancreas during pancreatico-enteric anastomosis is considered one of the major determinants of POPF. Indocyanine green (ICG) is one of the modality for vascular assessment; hence, we aimed to evaluate the role of ICG fluorescence imaging to assess the vascularity of the pancreatic stump during pancreatoduodenectomy.