Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Cauterization Under Local Anesthesia for Posterior Epistaxis: A Prospective Cohort Study of its Tolerability and Efficacy.

Objective: To assess the tolerability and efficacy of endoscopic sphenopalatine artery cauterization (ESPAC) under local anesthesia (LA) in managing posterior epistaxis.

Methods: It was a prospective, cohort study, conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of a tertiary-level hospital. Patients aged 18 years or above with posterior epistaxis who underwent ESPAC under LA were included.

Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) Compared to Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) for Primary Inguinal Hernia Repair in a Military Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Inguinal hernias are encountered commonly, but there is a lack of uniformity and standardization in repair techniques. There are a variety of repair methods, from open methods to laparoscopic approaches. The available laparoscopic techniques that exist for inguinal hernia repair are transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair.

Antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on phytopathogen isolated from tomato plant in Nepal.

Fungal diseases pose a major threat to global agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields, health issues and significant economic impact. Application of nanoparticles are being explored in agriculture because of its ecofriendly as well as enhanced antimicrobial properties. In this study, using an aqueous extract of air-dried tea leaves, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are synthesized and it was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic analysis.

Effect of a playful parenting programme on early childhood development and care outcomes of young children in vulnerable communities: findings from a quasi-experimental study.

Background: World Vision launched the Inclusive Playful Parenting for a Brighter Childhood (IPP4BC) project in identified vulnerable communities in Nepal and Uganda to mitigate risk for children at risk of poor development due to COVD 19. The intervention, based on the nurturing care framework, offered a customized parenting curriculum for young children, emphasizing holistic development through behavior change approaches tailored to local contexts.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the IPP4BC project, on early childhood development (ECD) and care outcomes of children under 6 years in vulnerable communities in Nepal and Uganda, particularly those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Intraoperative Variations of the Gastrocolic Trunk of Henle noted in Gastrointestinal Surgeries.

Background: The gastro-colic trunk of Henle is a venous trunk that comprises the veins draining the stomach and colon and is an important landmark for various gastro-intestinal surgeries. Understanding the anatomy of these vessels may enhance the surgical outcome. The aim of this study is, to assess the Intraoperative variations of the Gastrocolic Trunk of Henle noted in gastrointestinal surgeries in a tertiary care center.

Diagnostic value of biochemical markers in prediction of perforation in acute appendicitis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Acute appendicitis, despite being the most common surgery, can result in increased morbidity and mortality in the case of perforated appendicitis. Identifying a perforation early can reduce the impact on the patient. Bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) count have been shown to indicate perforation in appendicitis.

Surface Tension of Two Near-Ideal Binary Liquid Mixtures and the Influence of Adjacent Vapors.

The measured surface tension of a binary liquid is found to depend strongly on the constituents of the adjacent vapor and on whether equilibrium has been achieved, giving insight into the complex interfacial configuration. This dependence is quantified by three techniques that offer complementary insights: surface tension measurements with a constrained sessile drop surrounded by different vapors, surface tension measurements by surface light scattering spectroscopy in a sealed cell at equilibrium, and molecular dynamics simulations of the equilibrium surface tension and excess surface concentration. Ensuring homogeneity of the binary liquid, which is essential for surface light scattering, was found to be nontrivial and was assured by high-sensitivity Schlieren imaging.

Early Behavioural Signs among Nepalese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental condition. Early identification of symptoms is crucial for timely intervention, yet diagnosing very young children can be challenging due to the variability in symptom presentation and the influence of other developmental factors. This study aimed to find the prevalence of the emergence of early behavioural signs in Nepalese children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Three Years of Experience of ENT-Head and Neck Trauma in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal.

Background Trauma to ENT-Head and Neck region is one of the commonest emergencies. The neck and face being exposed parts of our body are vulnerable to traumatic injuries. Objective To study epidemiological pattern, site, mode and cause of trauma in ENT Head and Neck region, their management and outcome.

Bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with a trifurcated hepatic duct: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Iatrogenic bile duct injury is a serious complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, often due to misinterpretation of biliary tree anatomy. Anatomical variations, patient condition, gallbladder pathology, and surgeon-related factors are key risk factors for bile duct injury.

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones.

Adult with Coxsackie B virus-induced cardiomyopathy presents rare case of complicated acute embolic ischaemic stroke.

Introduction And Importance: Stroke, a global health concern, often results from embolic events of cardiac origin. Coxsackie B virus (CBV) myocarditis, a common cause of viral heart infections, can lead to cardiac thrombi formation, subsequently causing devastating complications such as embolic stroke. The authors present a rare case of a 26-year-old male who experienced an embolic stroke following CBV myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.

Postprocedural infection rate after minor surgical procedures performed with and without sterile gloves: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Postprocedural infection has been a top priority for the perioperative team. The use of sterile gloves to counter this became popular and was routinely used, but randomized studies have shown that the benefit that was thought to be added by the use of sterile gloves is insignificant and that not all procedures require the use of sterile gloves.

Methods: Prospective protocol registration was and electronic databases were searched without using any search filters.

Association between Physical Function, Mental Function and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: This study examines the relationship between physical and mental function and frailty, independently and in conjunction with polypharmacy, among older adults. : This cross-sectional study consisted of 368 participants aged ≥60 years. The participants were categorized into either robust or frail groups using Fried's frailty phenotype.

Acute splenic hematoma: A rare complication of snake bite.

Splenic hematoma secondary to snake bite is a potential complication due to snake envenomation and poses a significant risk to the health of the patients. Although relatively rare, this complication once diagnosed, should be initiated with timely anti-venom administration and supportive care. Clinicians must be aware of any signs of hematological abnormalities in snakebite patients, as the development of splenic hematoma can have serious implications for patient outcomes.

Dietary phenolic compounds as promising therapeutic agents for diabetes and its complications: A comprehensive review.

In the middle of an ever-changing landscape of diabetes care, precision medicine, and lifestyle therapies are becoming increasingly important. Dietary polyphenols are like hidden allies found in our everyday meals. These biomolecules, found commonly in fruits, vegetables, and various plant-based sources, hold revolutionary potential within their molecular structure in the way we approach diabetes and its intimidating consequences.

Calcification within the urachus: A case report of rare presentation of urachal cyst with calculus formation.

Urachal anomalies are rare congenital lesions of the genitourinary tract and are important causes of pediatric and adolescent hospital presentations. It can mimic many other causes of intraabdominal pathology and fever, and pose diagnostic challenges, often aided by imaging, is crucial to prevent complications such as infection and calculus formation. Surgical intervention, preferably laparoscopic, is the primary treatment, with complete excision necessary to avoid potential malignant transformation.

A p85 isoform switch enhances PI3K activation on endosomes by a MAP4- and PI3P-dependent mechanism.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) is a heterodimer of p110α catalytic and p85 adaptor subunits that is activated by agonist-stimulated receptor tyrosine kinases. Although p85α recruits p110α to activated receptors on membranes, p85α loss, which occurs commonly in cancer, paradoxically promotes agonist-stimulated PI3K/Akt signaling. p110α localizes to microtubules via microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), facilitating its interaction with activated receptor kinases on endosomes to initiate PI3K/Akt signaling.

Respiratory Morbidity and Mortality of Traumatic Cervical Spinal Injury.

Background: Traumatic cervical spinal injuries can severely affect respiratory function and cause significant morbidity and mortality. The typical respiratory morbidity in cervical spine injury is Atelectasis, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and delayed weaning, etc. The study aims to see the prevalence of respiratory morbidity as well as mortality associated with cervical spine injury.

Comparison of negative pressure wound therapy against normal dressing after vascular surgeries for inguinal wounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is a therapeutic technique of applying sub-atmospheric pressure to a wound to reduce inflammation, manage exudate, and promote the formation of granulation tissue. It aims to optimise the natural physiological processes of wound healing for more effective recovery, and NPWT has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional dressings.

Methods: The protocol followed in the study was prospectively registered.

Assessment of G10 Intraoperative Scoring System for Conversion in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Cross-Sectional Study From Nepal.

Introduction: Various preoperative risk factors for conversion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) have been well studied. However, the assessment of intraoperative factors for conversion in patients with cholecystitis is unclear. The G10 scoring system, which incorporates 10 parameters, has tried to fill this void by developing a scoring system for the most commonly encountered surgical illnesses.