Protocol for X-ray irradiation of C57BL/6J recipient mice followed by the transplantation of mTomato-expressing bone marrow cells.

Bone marrow chimera is a useful tool to determine the pathophysiological contributions of hematopoietic versus stromal compartments. Here, we present a protocol for lethal irradiation of wild-type C57BL/6J recipient mice followed by the transplantation of bone marrow from mTomato-expressing donors. We then detail procedures for animal distress scoring and assessment of reconstitution efficiency.

-amyrin heptadecanoate, a new oleanane triterpenoid with -glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities from the leaves of L.

A previously unreported oleanane triterpenoid, -amyrin heptadecanoate (), was isolated from the leaves of Thai (Oxalidaceae), along with five known compounds, -amyrin (), -sitosterol (), -sitosterol-D-glucoside (), -sitosteryl oleate (), and -tocopherol (). Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, including extensive NMR and HRESIMS, and by comparison with the previous literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their -glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities.

Annoglabrin A-C, three new ent-kaurane diterpenoids from the fruit pulp.

Three new -kaurane diterpenoids, namely annoglabrin A-C (), were isolated from the fruit pulp. Their structures were clarified by widespread spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS). The relative configuration of these new compounds was established through the NOESY spectrum.

Cell-Specific Contribution of IL-4 Receptor α Signaling Shapes the Overall Manifestation of Allergic Airway Disease.

IL-4 and IL-13 play a critical role in allergic asthma pathogenesis via their common receptor IL-4Rα. However, the cell-specific role of IL-4Rα in mixed allergen (MA)-induced allergic asthma has remained unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify the cell-specific contribution of IL-4Rα signaling in the manifestation of various pathological outcomes in mice with allergic airway disease.

The Comparison of Newly Diagnosed Invasive Breast Patient Cohorts in Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange Biopharma Collaborative (GENIE-BPC) and Other Real-World Databases.

Background: Oncology databases that integrate genomic and clinical data have become valuable resources for precision medicine. However, the generalizability of these databases has not been comprehensively assessed.

Objectives: To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and overall survival of breast cancer cohorts in GENIE-BPC and three other databases.

Psychometric Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability of MoCA in American Indian Adults: The Strong Heart Study.

Standardized neuropsychological instruments are used to evaluate cognitive impairment, but few have been psychometrically evaluated in American Indians. We collected Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in 403 American Indians 70 to 95 years, as well as age, sex, education, bilingual status, depression symptoms, and other neuropsychological instruments. We evaluated inferences of psychometric validity, including scoring inference using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, generalizability inference using reliability coefficient, and extrapolation inference by examining performance across different contexts and substrata.

Local residents' perception on factors affecting the willingness to pay for improved urban canal water: a case study in Can Tho city of Vietnam.

Urbanization and economic development cause water pollution in the inner-city canals and rivers globally. Bung Xang canal in Can Tho city of Vietnam is facing problems with water pollution due to the lack of centralized wastewater treatment plants and low public awareness on environmental protection. Perception of local residents was collected using structured questionnaires including both qualitative and quantitative information.

Exploring the Phytochemical Diversity and Antioxidant Potential of the Vietnamese Smilax glabra Roxb: Insights from UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and Zebrafish Model Studies.

Research on natural products is growing due to their potential health benefits and medicinal properties. Despite regional variations in phytochemical composition and bioactivity, Smilax glabra Roxb (SGB) has attracted the interest of researchers. Scientists are particularly interested in the Vietnamese SGB variant, which is influenced by biological and environmental factors.

Selective Late-Stage Functionalization of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides To Facilitate Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Ligation.

Site-selective modification of complex peptides and the functionalization of their C-H bonds hold great promise for expanding their use in therapeutics and biomedical research. Herein, we leverage the power of late-stage chemoenzymatic catalysis using an indole prenyltransferase (IPT) enzyme and alkyl diphosphates to specifically modify the indole ring of tryptophan in clinically relevant peptides. Furthermore, the installed handle enables bioorthogonal click chemistry through an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with a biotin-conjugated tetrazine probe.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma in four dogs: Cytologic, histopathologic, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical findings.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is a rare variant of osteosarcoma histologically and clinically similar to hemangiosarcoma (HSA). This case series describes the imaging and cytologic features of four histologically confirmed telangiectatic osteosarcomas, including the use of cytochemical stains. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was applied to Wright-Giemsa-stained cytology slides, and Factor VIII immunohistochemistry was evaluated.

Psychometric reliability, validity, and generalizability of 3MSE scores among American Indian adults: the Strong Heart Study.

Objective: Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) is often used to screen for dementia, but little is known about psychometric validity in American Indians.

Methods: We recruited 818 American Indians aged 65-95 for 3MSE examinations in 2010-2013; 403 returned for a repeat examination in 2017-2019. Analyses included standard psychometrics inferences for interpretation, generalizability, and extrapolation: factor analysis; internal consistency-reliability; test-retest score stability; multiple indicator multiple cause structural equation models.

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of alkoxyaurones as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors.

Aurones are a minor subgroup of flavonoids. Unlike other subgroups such as chalcones, flavones, and isoflavones, aurones have not been extensively explored as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. In this work, we studied the pancreatic lipase inhibitory potency of synthetic aurone derivatives.

Elevated white blood cell counts in ischemic stroke patients are associated with increased mortality and new vascular events.

Background And Purpose: High levels of white blood cells (WBC) in ischemic stroke have been shown to increase the risk of new vascular events and mortality in short and intermediate follow-up studies, but long-term effects remain unknown. We studied whether elevated levels of WBC in ischemic stroke patients are associated with new vascular events and mortality in a 10-year follow-up period.

Methods: We included ischemic stroke patients hospitalized between 2011 and 2012, categorizing their WBC counts within 48 h of stroke onset as high or normal (3.

Latent profile similarity of middle and high school youth risk and needs.

Research concerning school success and completion has grown increasingly complex with the number of proposed associated risk and needs domains. As the number of domains expands, various data analytical techniques have been employed to understand them, including the modeling of latent profiles, to better understand how risks and needs aggregate at the level of individual persons. Latent profile analysis helps identify individuals' subgroups based on salient combinations of characteristics.

Explant of a Chronic Atlantoaxial Implant Infection in a Dog.

An 11-year-old male neutered Yorkshire Terrier was presented with a cervical mass that developed a draining tract. Aside from the dysphagia reported by the owner, his neurologic exam was normal. Three years prior, the patient was diagnosed with an atlantoaxial subluxation that was ventrally stabilized with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and self-tapping titanium screws.

Psychometric Properties of Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) Test and Associations With Education and Bilingualism in American Indian Adults: The Strong Heart Study.

The Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test is used to assess phonemic fluency and executive function. Formal validation of test scores is important for accurate cognitive evaluation. However, there is a dearth of psychometric validation among American Indian adults.

Case report: promoter activity may define the alveolar macrophage dichotomy.

Cre-LoxP system has been widely used to induce recombination of floxed genes of interest. Currently available macrophage promoter-specific Cre recombinase mice strains have various limitations that warrants the testing of additional Cre strains. V-maf usculoponeurotic ibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein - () mice label macrophages in most organs such as spleen, small intestine, lung, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity.

Real-world outcomes of systemic therapy in locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated. Adults receiving their first systemic therapy for unresectable, locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from 4 September 2014 to 30 June 2017, were evaluated. The primary end point was real-world overall response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors or physician assessment.

Ozone exposure upregulates the expression of host susceptibility protein TMPRSS2 to SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus and an etiologic agent for the current global health emergency, causes acute infection of the respiratory tract leading to severe disease and significant mortality. Ever since the start of SARS-CoV-2, also known as the COVID-19 pandemic, countless uncertainties have been revolving around the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. While air pollution has been shown to be strongly correlated to increased SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality, whether environmental pollutants such as ground-level ozone affects the susceptibility of individuals to SARS-CoV-2 is not yet established.

Vesicular and extravesicular protein analyses from the airspaces of ozone-exposed mice revealed signatures associated with mucoinflammatory lung disease.

Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) harbors a variety of proteins that influence homeostatic and stress responses in the airspaces. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, contain many proteins that vary in abundance and composition based on the prevailing conditions. Ozone causes inflammatory responses in the airspaces of experimental animals and humans.

Postnatal Ozone Exposure Disrupts Alveolar Development, Exaggerates Mucoinflammatory Responses, and Suppresses Bacterial Clearance in Developing -Tg Mice Lungs.

Increased levels of ambient ozone, one of the six criteria air pollutants, result in respiratory tract injury and worsening of ongoing lung diseases. However, the effect of ozone exposure on the respiratory tract undergoing active lung development and simultaneously experiencing mucoinflammatory lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, remains unclear. To address these questions, we exposed transgenic (-Tg) mice, a mouse model of cystic fibrosis-like lung disease, and littermate wild-type (WT) mice to ozone from postnatal days (PND) 3-20 and examined the lung phenotypes at PND21.

Myeloid-IL4Rα is an indispensable link in IL-33-ILCs-IL-13-IL4Rα axis of eosinophil recruitment in murine lungs.

Increased eosinophil recruitment is a hallmark feature of eosinophilic disorders. Here, we delineated the key molecular and cellular players involved in physiological eosinophilic recruitment during normal postnatal lung development in mice. Physiological eosinophilic recruitment was consistently present in 7-, 10-, and 15-day-old neonatal mice, but not in 42-day-old mice.

Ozone exposure upregulates the expression of host susceptibility protein TMPRSS2 to SARS-CoV-2.

Background: SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, and the etiologic agent for the current global health emergency, causes acute infection of the respiratory tract leading to severe disease and significant mortality. Ever since the start of SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19 pandemic, countless uncertainties have been revolving around the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. While air pollution has been shown to be strongly correlated to increased SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality, whether environmental pollutants such as ground level ozone affects the susceptibility of individuals to SARS-CoV-2 is not yet established.

Crafting study tasks among medical students: the role of authentic medical teachers.

Background: Though leadership has been highlighted as a salient skill for medical teachers in the medical education literature, the role of authentic leadership style among medical teachers in activating medical students' learning behaviors has not been explored. Our study seeks to examine the effects of medical teachers' authentic leadership on study task crafting behaviors among medical students.

Methods: Our study adopted a mixed-methods research design comprising observations of 100 surgical operations and 100 ward conferences led by medical teachers, and surveys on authentic leadership, study task crafting, and promotion focus.

Compartment-specific transcriptomics of ozone-exposed murine lungs reveals sex- and cell type-associated perturbations relevant to mucoinflammatory lung diseases.

Ozone is known to cause lung injury, and resident cells of the respiratory tract (i.e., epithelial cells and macrophages) respond to inhaled ozone in a variety of ways that affect their survival, morphology, and functioning.