Enhanced heart sound classification using Mel frequency cepstral coefficients and comparative analysis of single vs. ensemble classifier strategies.

This paper seeks to enhance the performance of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) for detecting abnormal heart sounds. Heart sounds are first pre-processed to remove noise and then segmented into S1, systole, S2, and diastole intervals, with thirteen MFCCs estimated from each segment, yielding 52 MFCCs per beat. Finally, MFCCs are used for heart sound classification.

Pharmacogenomic landscape of the Thai population from genome sequencing of 949 individuals.

Inter-individual variability in drug responses is significantly influenced by genetic factors, underscoring the importance of population-specific pharmacogenomic studies to optimize clinical outcomes. In this study, we analyzed whole genome sequencing data from 949 unrelated Thai individuals and conducted an in-depth analysis of 3239 genes involved in drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or immune-mediated adverse drug reactions. We identified 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 134 diplotypes, and 15 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, all with moderate to high clinical significance.

Nitrided Ti-6Al-4V: A Catalyst for Increase Mineralization and Osteogenic Marker Expression.

Plasma nitriding is one of the surface modifications that show more effectiveness than other methods. In this study, the plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) technique was performed on the surface of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V, Ti64) using a mixture of nitrogen (N) and argon (Ar), resulting in a plasma-nitrided surface (TiN-Ti64). The surface composition of the TiN-Ti64 was verified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Mycobiology of Dental Unit Water: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Fungi present in Dental Unit Water (DUW) can pose a health hazard to patients and dental personnel. Yet, the issue of fungal contamination of DUW and their conduits, DUW Lines (DUWLs) has been poorly addressed despite a growing body of data on the subject. In this comprehensive review, we aim to address this gap by examining the diverse fungal contaminants found in DUW, the challenges associated with controlling their growth within waterline biofilms, and the various measures employed for fungal decontamination.

Effects of Different Self-Adhesive Resin Cements and Curing Through Zirconia on Gingival Fibroblasts.

Introduction: Self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) are widely used for fixed prostheses. These cements and their eluted products may affect periodontal tissues. This study aimed to investigate the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to eluates from SARCs in vitro, simulating clinical conditions after prosthesis fixation, to gain insights into their potential effects on gingival health.

The impact of RUNX2 gene variants on cleidocranial dysplasia phenotype: a systematic review.

Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities and dental anomalies, primarily caused by variants in the RUNX2 gene. Understanding the spectrum of RUNX2 variants and their effects on CCD phenotypes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management strategies. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively analyze the genotypic and phenotypic spectra of RUNX2 variants in CCD patients, assess their distribution across functional regions, and investigate genotype-phenotype correlations.

Functional and pathogenic insights into CNNM4 variants in Jalili syndrome.

Jalili syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder causing cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta, is a rare genetic disorder impacting visual and dental development. Missense variants (c.1474G > T and c.

Etiologies of non-surgical root canal treatment and its association with risk factors in a selected Thai population.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the etiologies of non-surgical root canal treatment (NS-RCT) in a Thai population and examine their association with risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed to examine the etiologies of NS-RCT and risk factors among Thai-nationality patients treated at a tertiary care dental hospital in Thailand from 2019-2023. Treatment records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed to identify NS-RCT etiologies, and associated contributing factors were analyzed.

Salivary proteomic signatures in severe dental fluorosis.

The relationship between dental fluorosis and alterations in the salivary proteome remains inadequately elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the salivary proteome and fluoride concentrations in urine and drinking water among Thai individuals afflicted with severe dental fluorosis. Thirty-seven Thai schoolchildren, aged 6-16, were stratified based on Thylstrup and Fejerskov fluorosis index scores: 10 with scores ranging from 5 to 9 (SF) and 27 with a score of 0 (NF).

Craniosynostosis: orofacial and oral health perspectives with masticatory insights.

Background: Craniosynostosis (CS), premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, leads to abnormal skull development, impacting both facial esthetics and oral function. This study aimed to evaluate the specific orofacial and oral health characteristics, including masticatory performance, in Thai patients with CS.

Methods: A comparative study was conducted with Thai CS patients aged 6-17 years and a control group of healthy individuals with similar age distribution.

A novel BAG5 variant impairs the ER stress response pathway, causing dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia.

Pathogenic BAG5 variants recently linked to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) prompt further investigation into phenotypic, mutational, and pathomechanistic aspects. We explored the clinical and molecular characteristics of DCM associated with BAG5 variants, uncovering the consistently severe manifestations of the disease and its impact on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The analysis involved three siblings affected by DCM and arrhythmia, along with their four unaffected siblings, their unaffected father, and their mother who exhibited arrhythmia.

Genetic Variants in Are Associated with Isolated Dental Anomalies.

KCTD1 plays crucial roles in regulating both the SHH and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are essential for tooth development. The objective of this study was to investigate if genetic variants in might also be associated with isolated dental anomalies. We clinically and radiographically investigated 362 patients affected with isolated dental anomalies.

Tooth agenesis related to a novel KDF1 variant: A case report and literature review.

Objectives: To investigate the role of Keratinocyte Differentiation Factor 1 (KDF1) in ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and nonsyndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) and perform a literature review.

Methods: Genome sequencing was used to identify genetic variants in a Thai, NSTA proband and validated through Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity was assessed using ACMG guidelines, MetaRNN and AlphaMissense.

In-depth investigation of FAM20A insufficiency effects on deciduous dental pulp cells: Altered behaviours, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory gene expression.

Aim: Loss-of-function mutations in FAM20A result in amelogenesis imperfecta IG (AI1G) or enamel-renal syndrome, characterized by hypoplastic enamel, ectopic calcification, and gingival hyperplasia, with some cases reporting spontaneous tooth infection. Despite previous reports on the consequence of FAM20A reduction in gingival fibroblasts and transcriptome analyses of AI1G pulp tissues, suggesting its involvement in mineralization and infection, its role in deciduous dental pulp cells (DDP) remains unreported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of DDP obtained from an AI1G patient, providing additional insights into the effects of FAM20A on the mineralization of DDP.

Gene expression, micro-CT and histomorphometrical analysis of sinus floor augmentation with biphasic calcium phosphate and deproteinized bovine bone mineral: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Aims: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the gene expression, micro-CT, histomorphometrical analysis between biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) of 70/30 ratio and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in sinus augmentation.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four patients in need for sinus floor augmentation through lateral approach were randomized into BCP 70/30 ratio or DBBM. After at least 6 months of healing, a total of 24 bone specimens were collected from the entire height of the augmented bone at the area of implant placement and underwent micro-CT, histomorphometric and gene expression analysis.

Unraveling metagenomics through long-read sequencing: a comprehensive review.

The study of microbial communities has undergone significant advancements, starting from the initial use of 16S rRNA sequencing to the adoption of shotgun metagenomics. However, a new era has emerged with the advent of long-read sequencing (LRS), which offers substantial improvements over its predecessor, short-read sequencing (SRS). LRS produces reads that are several kilobases long, enabling researchers to obtain more complete and contiguous genomic information, characterize structural variations, and study epigenetic modifications.

Orodental health status of patients with inborn errors of immunity.

Background: Various orodental problems affect patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), but there are limited studies on these issues.

Aim: To study orodental status and its confounding factors in patients with IEI.

Design: Caries, enamel defects, gingival, and soft tissue conditions were examined.

AI-based diagnosis in mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly using external ear shapes.

Introduction: Mandibulo-Facial Dysostosis with Microcephaly (MFDM) is a rare disease with a broad spectrum of symptoms, characterized by zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia, microcephaly, and ear abnormalities. Here, we aimed at describing the external ear phenotype of MFDM patients, and train an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based model to differentiate MFDM ears from non-syndromic control ears (binary classification), and from ears of the main differential diagnoses of this condition (multi-class classification): Treacher Collins (TC), Nager (NAFD) and CHARGE syndromes.

Methods: The training set contained 1,592 ear photographs, corresponding to 550 patients.