- The study focuses on finding effective and cost-efficient materials for immobilizing bacteria in fixed-film reactors for wastewater treatment, using a variety of waste substrates.
- After testing eleven waste materials, jute fibres emerged as the most effective substrate for bacterial immobilization, leading to significant improvement in wastewater treatment outcomes.
- The research highlights the potential of using jute fibres for bacterial immobilization, showing it outperformed other materials like high-density polyethylene and aluminum foil in treating domestic wastewater effectively.