Safety outcomes of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression in clinical settings and development of the ketamine side effect tool-revised (KSET-R).

Background: Ketamine and its derivates (e.g. esketamine) are increasingly used in clinical settings for treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive training for improving response inhibition: A proof-of-concept, single-blind randomised controlled study.

Background: Impaired response inhibition is a common characteristic of various psychiatric disorders. Cognitive training (CT) can improve cognitive function, but the benefits may be limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool to enhance neuroplasticity, and thereby augment the effects of CT.

Clinical Outcomes of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) for Depression in Older Old People Relative to Other Age Groups Across the Adult Life Span: A CARE Network Study.

Intervention: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a commonly used treatment for severe psychiatric illness in older adults, including in the 'older old' population aged 80 years and above. However, there can sometimes be a reluctance to treat the 80+ year old age group with ECT due to medical comorbidities, frailty, and concerns about cognition.

Objective, Design, Setting, And Participants: This multi-site, longitudinal Australian study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of ECT in older old people compared with younger age groups.

Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Combined with Psychological Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

(1) Background: Psychological interventions are effective in alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms, though results can vary between patients. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proven to improve clinical symptoms and cognition. It remains unclear whether rTMS can augment the efficacy of psychological interventions.

Duration and magnitude of myofascial release in 3-dimensional bioengineered tendons: effects on wound healing.

Context: Myofascial release (MFR) is one of the most commonly used manual manipulative treatments for patients with soft tissue injury. However, a paucity of basic science evidence has been published to support any particular mechanism that may contribute to reported clinical efficacies of MFR.

Objective: To investigate the effects of duration and magnitude of MFR strain on wound healing in bioengineered tendons (BETs) in vitro.

Biomechanical strain vehicles for fibroblast-directed skeletal myoblast differentiation and myotube functionality in a novel coculture.

Skeletal muscle functionality is governed by multiple stimuli, including cytokines and biomechanical strain. Fibroblasts embedded within muscle connective tissue respond to biomechanical strain by secreting cytokines that induce myoblast differentiation and, we hypothesize, regulate myotube function. A coculture was established to allow cross talk between fibroblasts in Bioflex wells and myoblasts on nondeformable coverslips situated above Bioflex wells.

In vitro biomechanical strain regulation of fibroblast wound healing.

Context: Strain-directed therapy such as vacuum compression and manual manipulative therapies are clinically effective, but their cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood.

Objective: To determine the effects of modeled myofascial release (MFR) on fibroblast wound healing and to investigate the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating these responses.

Methods: Using an in vitro scratch wound strain model, the authors investigated human fibroblast wound healing characteristics in response to injurious repetitive motion strain (RMS) and MFR.

Dosed myofascial release in three-dimensional bioengineered tendons: effects on human fibroblast hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and cytokine secretion.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences of magnitudes and durations associated with dosed myofascial release (MFR) on human fibroblast proliferation, hypertrophy, and cytokine secretions.

Methods: Bioengineered tendons (BETs) attached to nylon mesh anchors were strained uniaxially using a vacuum pressure designed to model MFR varying in magnitudes (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% elongation) and durations (0.5 and 1-5 minutes).

Mechanical strain applied to human fibroblasts differentially regulates skeletal myoblast differentiation.

Cyclic short-duration stretches (CSDS) such as those resulting from repetitive motion strain increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury. Myofascial release is a common technique used by clinicians that applies an acyclic long-duration stretch (ALDS) to muscle fascia to repair injury. When subjected to mechanical strain, fibroblasts within muscle fascia secrete IL-6, which has been shown to induce myoblast differentiation, essential for muscle repair.

Cyclic strain upregulates VEGF and attenuates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Objective: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy and proliferation occur in response to strain-induced local and systemic inflammatory cytokines and growth factors which may contribute to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. We hypothesize VSMC strain, modeling normotensive arterial pressure waveforms in vitro, results in attenuated proliferative and increased hypertrophic responses 48 hrs post-strain.

Methods: Using Flexcell Bioflex Systems we determined the morphological, hyperplastic and hypertrophic responses of non-strained and biomechanically strained cultured rat A7R5 VSMC.

In vitro modeling of repetitive motion injury and myofascial release.

Objective: In this study we modeled repetitive motion strain (RMS) and myofascial release (MFR) in vitro to investigate possible cellular and molecular mechanisms to potentially explain the immediate clinical outcomes associated with RMS and MFR.

Method: Cultured human fibroblasts were strained with 8h RMS, 60s MFR and combined treatment; RMS+MFR. Fibroblasts were immediately sampled upon cessation of strain and evaluated for cell morphology, cytokine secretions, proliferation, apoptosis, and potential changes to intracellular signaling molecules.