Current Scenario in Associating Clinical COVID-19 Biomarkers for Developing Surveillance Platforms.

The novel coronavirus that caused the epidemic and pandemic resulting in the acute respiratory illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has plagued the world. This is unlike other coronavirus outbreaks that have occurred in the past, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). COVID-19 has spread more quickly and posed special challenges due to the lack of appropriate treatments and vaccines.

Zeolite-iron oxide integrated interdigitated electrode sensor for diagnosing cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is caused by changes in the cervix that lead to precancerous cells and eventually progress to cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the primary cause of cervical cancer. Early detection of HPV is crucial in preventing cervical cancer, and regular screening for HPV infection can identify cell changes before they develop into cancer.

Non-protein coding RNA sequences mediate specific colorimetric detection of Staphylococcus aureus on unmodified gold nanoparticles.

Nonprotein coding RNA (npcRNA) is a transcribed gene sequence that is not able to translate into protein, yet it executes a specific function in modulation and regulation mechanisms. As npcRNA is highly resistant to the mutation, the Sau-02 npcRNA gene and its probe oligonucleotide, which are specifically present in Staphylococcus aureus and in methicillin-resistant S. aureus only, used to develop a highly specific and sensitive colorimetric assay on unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

Carbon Material Hybrid Construction on an Aptasensor for Monitoring Surgical Tumors.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein, one of the common tumor biomarkers, found at low levels in body fluids. Generally, overexpression of CEA is found in various cancers, including ovarian, breast, lung, colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. Since CEA is an important tumor biomarker, the quantification of CEA is helpful for diagnosing cancer, monitoring tumor progression, and the follow-up treatment.

Aluminum Microcomb Electrodes on Silicon Wafer for Detecting Val66Met Polymorphism in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysregulation is widely related with various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, Rett syndrome, and addiction, and the available evidence suggests that BDNF is also highly correlated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

Methods: The BDNF target sequence was detected on a capture probe attached on aluminum microcomb electrodes on the silicon wafer surface. A capture-target-reporter sandwich-type assay was performed to enhance the detection of the BDNF target.

Alzheimer's Disease Determination by a Dual Probe on Gold Nanourchins and Nanohorn Hybrids.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative chronic disorder that causes dementia and problems in thinking, cognitive impairment and behavioral changes. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a peptide involved in AD progression, and a high level of Aβ is highly correlated with severe AD. Identifying and quantifying Aβ levels helps in the early treatment of AD and reduces the factors associated with AD.

MXene Surface on Multiple Junction Triangles for Determining Osteosarcoma Cancer Biomarker by Dielectrode Microgap Sensor.

Background: In recent years, nanomaterials have justified their dissemination for biosensor application towards the sensitive and selective detections of clinical biomarkers at the lower levels. MXene is a two-dimensional layered transition metal, attractive for biosensing due to its chemical, physical and electrical properties along with the biocompatibility.

Materials And Methods: This work was focused on diagnosing osteosarcoma (OS), a common bone cancer, on MXene-modified multiple junction triangles by dielectrode sensing.

Graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle-aptamer complexed probe for detecting amyloid beta oligomer by ELISA-based immunoassay.

Highly sensitive and easy detection method for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a suitable biomarker is mandatory for preventing the factors resulting from AD. This research reports a modified ELISA with graphene for the detection of AD biomarker amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomer. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugated aptamer was used as the capture probe and attached on ELISA-graphene oxide surface through the amine linker.

Electroanalysis on an Interdigitated Electrode for High-Affinity Cardiac Troponin I Biomarker Detection by Aptamer-Gold Conjugates.

The primary reasons for myocardial infarction (MI) are pericarditis, arrhythmia, and heart failure, causing predominant deaths worldwide. Patients need a potential diagnostic system and treatment before cardiomyocyte damage. Cardiac biomarkers are released from myocytes immediately after a heart attack.

Self-assembled silver nanoparticle-DNA on a dielectrode microdevice for determination of gynecologic tumors.

Nanoscale materials have been employed in the past 2 decades in applications such as biosensing, therapeutics and medical diagnostics due to their beneficial optoelectronic properties. In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained attention due to their higher plasmon excitation efficiency than gold nanoparticles, as proved by sharper and stronger plasmon resonance peaks. The current work is focused on utilizing self-assembled DNA-AgNPs on microdevices for the detection of gynecological cancers.

Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide using the aqueous extract of .

In this study, biological deoxygenation of graphene oxide (GO) using an phytoextract was performed via the infusion method. The presence of oxide groups on the surface of graphene and removal of oxides groups by reduction were characterized through morphological and structural analyses. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the synthesized GO and rGO were smooth and morphologically sound.

Heart Infection Prognosis Analysis by Two-dimensional Spot Tracking Imaging.

Cardiovascular death is one of the leading causes worldwide; an accurate identification followed by diagnosing the cardiovascular disease increases the chance of a better recovery. Among different demonstrated strategies, imaging on cardiac infections yields a visible result and highly reliable compared to other analytical methods. Two-dimensional spot tracking imaging is the emerging new technology that has been used to study the function and structure of the heart and test the deformation and movement of the myocardium.

Detection of microRNA-335-5p on an Interdigitated Electrode Surface for Determination of the Severity of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to the enlargement of the lower artery of the abdominal aorta, and identification of an early detection tool is urgently needed for diagnosis. In the current study, an interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensing surface was used to identify miRNA-335-5p, which reflects the formation of AAAs. The uniformity of the silica material was observed by 3D profilometry, and the chemically modified highly conductive surface improved the detection via the I-V mode.

Aluminosilicate Nanocomposites from Incinerated Chinese Holy Joss Fly Ash: A Potential Nanocarrier for Drug Cargos.

An incredible amount of joss fly ash is produced from the burning of Chinese holy joss paper; thus, an excellent method of recycling joss fly ash waste to extract aluminosilicate nanocomposites is explored. The present research aims to introduce a novel method to recycle joss fly ash through a simple and straightforward experimental procedure involving acidic and alkaline treatments. The synthesized aluminosilicate nanocomposite was characterized to justify its structural and physiochemical characteristics.

Nanodetection of Head and Neck Cancer on Titanium Oxide Sensing Surface.

Head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous disease, originating in the squamous cells lining the larynx (voice box), mouth, pharynx (throat), nasal cavity and salivary glands. Head and neck cancer diagnosis at the later stage is greatly influencing the survival rate of the patient. It makes a mandatory situation to identify this cancer at the earlier stages of development with a suitable biomarker.

High-Affinity Detection of Alpha-Synuclein by Aptamer-Gold Conjugates on an Amine-Modified Dielectric Surface.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive health issue and influences an increasingly larger number of people, especially at older ages, affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Alpha-synuclein is a biomarker closely correlated with the CNS and PD. The loss of neuronal cells in the substantia nigra leads to the aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies, and Lewy neuritis is a neuropathological hallmark.

Coordinated Dispersion and Aggregation of Gold Nanorod in Aptamer-Mediated Gestational Hypertension Analysis.

Gestational hypertension is one of the complicated disorders during pregnancy; it causes the significant risks, such as placental abruption, neonatal deaths, and maternal deaths. Hypertension is also responsible for the metabolic and cardiovascular issues to the mother after the years of pregnancy. Identifying and treating gestational hypertension during pregnancy by a suitable biomarker is mandatory for the healthy mother and foetus development.

Aluminosilicate Nanocomposite on Genosensor: A Prospective Voltammetry Platform for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutant Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the most serious threats to human where 85% of lethal death caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) induced by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. The present research focuses in the development of efficient and effortless EGFR mutant detection strategy through high-performance and sensitive genosensor. The current amplified through 250 µm sized fingers between 100 µm aluminium electrodes indicates the voltammetry signal generated by means of the mutant DNA sequence hybridization.