Impact of graded doses of enrofloxacin on the safety and biological responses of Nile tilapia .

The cultivation of tilapias, the third most farmed fish group globally, has been rapidly growing, especially in Southeast Asia. This surge in tilapia farming intensification has led to increased use of antibiotics to control bacterial diseases. This study investigated the safety implications of administering graded doses of enrofloxacin (ENF) at 0 (control), 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg biomass/day orally to .

Pharmacokinetics and residues of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) post-oral gavage.

In the study on Oreochromis niloticus, singular oral gavage of florfenicol (FFC) at 15 mg/kg biomass/day was conducted, mimicking approved aquaculture dosing. Samples of plasma, bile, muscle, intestine, skin, liver, kidney, gill, and brain tissues were collected at 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, and 128 hours (h) after oral gavage. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed FFC concentrations peaked at 12.

Intestinal Histopathological Aberrations in Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles upon Dietary Florfenicol Administration.

The aquaculture use of antibiotics can cause detrimental effects on fish organs and gut microbial dysbiosis. The impact of florfenicol (FFC) on fish intestinal histology, an approved antibiotic, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FFC on Oreochromis niloticus juveniles by administering FFC at 10 mg and 30 mg/kg biomass/day for 30 consecutive days to mimic long-term use.

Safety, tolerability and biological responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles upon oral oxolinic acid administration.

In aquaculture, oxolinic acid (OA) is used as a second-line treatment at 12 mg/kg biomass/day for seven consecutive days. The present study evaluated the biosafety of 21 days of dietary administration of OA at 0, 12, 36, 60 and 120 mg by assessing the growth, biochemical, erythrocytic morphological and histopathological alterations and residue levels in Oreochromis niloticus. A significant dose-dependent reduction in feed intake and biomass and an increase in mortalities and erythrocytic cellular and nuclear changes were recorded.

In-feed emamectin benzoate abuse affects the biological responses and erythrocytes of Nile tilapia .

In aquaculture, drugs are often abused to accomplish disease control without considering the negative effects on fish health. This study aimed at elucidating the pernicious effects of in-feed antiparasitic drug emamectin benzoate (EB) abuse on the haemato-biochemistry and erythro-morphometry of healthy Nile tilapia The fish were fed EB at 50 μg (1×) and 150 μg/kg biomass/d (3×) for 14 d as against the recommended 7 d and periodically assessed the blood parameters. A significant dose- and time-dependent reduction in feed intake, survival, total erythrocytes (TEC), monocytes (MC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht) and mean corpuscular Hb concentration were noted.

Impacts of Oral Florfenicol Medication and Residues on the Kidney and Liver of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.).

Florfenicol (FFC), an approved aquaculture antibiotic, is administered in feed at doses of 10-15 mg kg biomass day for 10 successive days. In this study, healthy were fed with 0-10 times the therapeutic dose of 15 mg kg biomass day for 10 days and tracked for 43 days post dosing. Assessments of residue accrual and depletion, oxidative stress, serum biochemistry, histopathology and extent of kidney and liver damages were made.

Biological Responses of Nile tilapia as Influenced by Dietary Florfenicol.

Antibiotics are used in the treatment of bacterial diseases in commercial aquaculture. In this study, we the biological responses of juveniles upon dietary florfenicol (FFC) administration at 15 mg (1×) and 45 mg kg biomass day (3×) for 10 days in terms of feed intake, survival, biomass, hematological, erythro-morphological, serum biochemical, and histopathological aberrations as compared with controls. FFC caused a dose-dependent reduction in feed intake, survival, and biomass, with marked variations in hematology, hematological indices, and erythrocytic cellular and nuclear abnormalities, suggesting its apparent cytotoxic and nucleotoxic effects.

Immune responses and protective immunity in Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) as induced by outer membrane proteins of Edwardsiella tarda and aluminium hydroxide adjuvant complex.

Edwardsiella tarda is considered one of the important bacterial fish pathogens. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of E. tarda are structurally and functionally conserved, and immunogenic.

Histopathological changes and tissue residue concentrations of monosex Nile tilapia (, L) fries exposed to oxytetracycline.

Unlabelled: The current study evaluated the biosafety of oxytetracycline (OTC) exposure for 30 days in monosex fries. The fries were exposed to OTC for 3 h/day for 30 days at 350 (0.5X), 700 (1X), 2100 (3X), 3500 (5X), and 7000 (10X) mg/L and compared with control (0X).

The effects of extended feeding of florfenicol coated medicated diets on the safety, serum biomarkers and blood cells morphology of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.).

Tilapia is one of the most consumed farmed fish, which requires the use of antibiotics in certain phases of its production. This study assessed the safety of 30 days of oral florfenicol (FFC) dosing at 0-10 times the therapeutic dose (1 × : 10 mg/kg biomass/day) in Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Behavioural changes, feed consumption, mortality and biomass were evaluated.

Influence of dietary emamectin benzoate on the biological responses of monosex (all-male) Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fries.

The application of antiparasitic drugs plays a crucial role in the removal of infectious parasites in aquaculture. Emamectin benzoate (EB) is predominantly used as a feed premix against ectoparasites on temperate fish. This study evaluated the influence of 14 days of EB-dosing at 0-10 times the recommended dose (1X: 50 μg/kg biomass/day) on the biological responses and accrual/depletion of EB-residues in a tropical fish monosex Oreochromis niloticus fries.

Accumulation and clearance of tissue residues and health status of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) juveniles as influenced by the extended oral oxytetracycline-dosing.

Antibiotics are considered an important primary therapy for bacterial diseases in aquaculture. This study evaluated the influence of oral administration of oxytetracycline (OTC) on feed intake, growth, mortality, residue accumulation and clearance, and histopathological changes in the vital organs of six groups of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus when fed at 0-10 times the therapeutic dose (1×: 80 mg/kg biomass/day) for 10 and 20 consecutive days. The feed intake was reduced only slightly, viz.

Dietary therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline negatively influences the antioxidant capacity and immune-related genes expression in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.).

Effects of the dietary therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline (OTC) at 80 mg/kg biomass/day for consecutive 10 days on the behaviour, feed intake, mortality, residue accumulation and depletion, antioxidant capacity and immune-related genes expression in juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated. OTC-dosing caused mortalities, reduced feed intake, and biomass reduction at 24.5-28.

Effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin-E and commercial probiotics on the innate immunity of against infection.

Immunomodulation is one of the useful tools to prevent diseases in aquaculture. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin-E (100 mg/kg feed) and commercial probiotic consortia, Rhodomax™ (5 g/kg feed) on the innate immunity of and their protective effect against infection were evaluated and compared. Three groups of fish at 30 numbers/tank were fed with vitamin-E, probiotic and control diets at 3% body weight for 30 days, in triplicate.

Safety of emamectin benzoate administered in feed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.).

Emamectin benzoate (EB) premix top-coated onto feed is extensively used to treat ectoparasitic crustacean infestations in aquaculture. This study evaluated the safety of EB-dosing in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at the recommended dose and dosage of 50 μg/kg biomass/day for 7 consecutive days (1X) and compared with control and 10 times the recommended dose (10X). Depletion of EB-residues in the edible muscle of 1X-dosed Nile tilapia was also studied.

Dietary influences of oxytetracycline on the growth and serum biomarkers of Oreochromis niloticus (L.).

Tilapias are cultured globally and are rising in acceptance as the most important freshwater aquaculture species. Monitoring of serum biomarkers is a promising tool in aquaculture to screen the health status as they are virtuous indicators of extreme stress and organ dysfunction in fish. The present study examined the serum biomarkers of oxytetracycline (OTC)-dosed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg biomass/day, i.

Molecular characterization of (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting the gill lamellae of carp (Hamilton).

The present study attempted sequencing the 18S rRNA gene of infecting the gill lamellae of carp, and compared its genetic homology and phylogenetic characteristics with 18S rRNA genes of other spp. The infected fish had up to 3 small, creamy white plasmodia per gill filament with 30-50 spores each. The spore size was 17.

Molecular characterization of and (Crustacea: Argulidae) infecting the cultured carps in West Bengal, India using 18S rRNA gene sequences.

The present study characterized spp. infecting the cultured carps using 18S rRNA gene sequences, estimated the genetic similarity among spp. and established their phylogenetic relationship.

Detection of goldfish haematopoietic necrosis herpes virus (Cyprinid herpesvirus-2) with multi-drug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish: First evidence of any viral disease outbreak in ornamental freshwater aquaculture farms in India.

This outbreak report details of a mortality event where Cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2) was detected in association with multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, Carassius auratus, from commercial farms. The goldfish exhibited large scale haemorrhages on the body, fins and gills, lepidorthosis, necrosed gills, protruded anus and shrunken eyes. White nodular necrotic foci in spleen and kidneys were noticed, along with necrosis and fusion of gill lamellae.

Molecular phylogeny of (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae).

Myxosporeans are best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish species. Identification of myxosporeans at the species-level is mainly based on conventional methods. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of morphologically identified infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp was characterized in the present study.

Molecular characterization of (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of minor carp (Ham.).

As new pathogenic strains are emerging and threatening aquaculture development, myxosporeans (Myxozoa) are receiving much attention in recent years. Myxosporean taxonomy is traditionally based on morphology of the myxospore stage. Molecular data on Indian myxosporeans are rare.