Analysis of Factors Associated with Temporal Hollowing after Pterional Craniotomy.

 Temporal hollowing is a common complication after pterional craniotomy. Etiologies of hollowing are still in debate and inconclusive. The objective of this study is to determine the etiology and predictive factors of temporal hollowing after pterional craniotomy.

Potential Surgical Exposure of the Parapharyngeal Internal Carotid Artery by Endonasal, Transoral, and Transcervical Approaches.

 Endoscopic and endoscopic-assisted approaches to the parapharyngeal space have been reported; however, their potential for vascular exposure has not been previously assessed. This study aims to compare the potential exposure and control of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery (ppICA) via various approaches.  Ten cadaveric specimens were dissected bilaterally, exposing the ppICA via endonasal, transoral, and transcervical approaches.