In silico design of multi-epitope adhesin protein vaccines.

(Mtb) adhesin proteins are promising candidates for subunit vaccine design. Multi-epitope Mtb vaccine and diagnostic candidates were designed using immunoinformatic tools. The antigenic potential of 26 adhesin proteins were determined using VaxiJen 2.

Virulence and Inoculation Route Influence the Consequences of Infection in Bama Miniature Pigs.

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a widespread pathogen in pig farms worldwide. Although the majority of -colonized pigs have no apparent clinical disease, the pathogen can induce diseases such as polyserositis, arthritis, and eustachitis in some cases. To explore the mechanisms for the occurrence of these diseases, we challenged 4 groups of Bama miniature pigs with isolated from pigs without clinical symptoms (non-clinical origin [NCO] strain) or with typical clinical symptoms (clinical origin [CO] strain) and investigated the impacts of different strains and inoculation routes (intranasal [IN], intravenous [IV] + intraperitoneal [IP], and IV+IP+IN) on disease induction.

A multifunctional enolase mediates cytoadhesion and interaction with host plasminogen and fibronectin in Mycoplasma hyorhinis.

Mycoplasma hyorhinis may cause systemic inflammation of pigs, typically polyserositis and arthritis, and is also associated with several types of human cancer. However, the pathogenesis of M. hyorhinis colonizing and breaching the respiratory barrier to establish systemic infection is poorly understood.

Exploring the Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Derivatives as Alveolar NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulators during Infection.

, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a successful intracellular pathogen that is responsible for the highest mortality rate among diseases caused by bacterial infections. During early interaction with the host innate cells, cell surface antigens interact with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) canonical, and non-canonical inflammasome pathways. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the alveoli has been reported to contribute to the early inflammatory response that is needed for an effective anti-TB response through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including those of the Interleukin 1 (IL1) family.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) moonlights as an adhesin in Mycoplasma hyorhinis adhesion to epithelial cells as well as a plasminogen receptor mediating extracellular matrix degradation.

Mycoplasma hyorhinis infects pigs causing polyserositis and polyarthritis, and has also been reported in a variety of human tumor tissues. The occurrence of disease is often linked with the systemic invasion of the pathogen. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH), one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, was reported as a surface multifunctional molecule in several bacteria.

Immunoscreening of the M. tuberculosis F15/LAM4/KZN secretome library against TB patients' sera identifies unique active- and latent-TB specific biomarkers.

Tuberculosis (TB) protein biomarkers are urgently needed for the development of point-of-care diagnostics, new drugs and vaccines. Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular and secreted proteins play an important role in host-pathogen interactions. Antibodies produced against M.

Identification of unique essential proteins from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis F15/LAM4/KZN phage secretome library.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis disease (TB), the leading cause of death from bacterial infection worldwide. Although treatable, the resurgence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB is a major setback for the fight against TB globally. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new Mtb-derived biomarkers for use in the design of new drugs and rapid point-of-care diagnostic or prognostic tools for the management of TB transmission.

Single-chain antibody fragments from a display library derived from chickens immunized with a mixture of parasite and viral antigens.

Phage-displayed chicken single-chain antibody fragment libraries can provide useful diagnostic and research reagents. Using avian immunoglobulin genes simplifies the construction of such repertoires since far fewer primer sets are required to access the avian antibody repertoire than is the case with mice or humans. Libraries constructed using mRNA from an immune source are enriched in affinity-matured sequences and consequently need not be as large as "universal" non-immune repertoires to have a reasonable probability of yielding high-affinity binders.