A cost-effective method for the sensitive detection of levofloxacin using a 3D composite electrode composed of nail polish, graphite and aluminium oxide.

The potential impact on human health and the environment has spurred significant interest in detecting and quantifying pharmaceutical compounds across various matrices, from environmental to biological samples. Here, we present an electrochemical approach for determining levofloxacin in drug, synthetic urine, water, and breast milk samples. An affordable sensor was constructed using 3D printing and composite material based on nail polish, graphite, and aluminum oxide.

Simultaneous monitoring of amoxicillin and paracetamol in synthetic biological fluids using a 3D printed disposable electrode with a lab-made conductive filament.

In this work, we are pleased to present for the first time a 3D-printed electrochemical device using a lab-made conductive filament based on graphite (Gr) and polylactic acid (PLA) polymer matrix for the simultaneous detection of amoxicillin (AMX) and paracetamol (PAR). The sensor was properly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Compared to the commercial glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the superior performance of the 3D-Gr/PLA electrode was verified with a 3.

Cost-effective protocol to produce 3D-printed electrochemical devices using a 3D pen and lab-made filaments to ciprofloxacin sensing.

A novel conductive filament based on graphite (Gr) dispersed in polylactic acid polymer matrix (PLA) is described to produce 3D-electrochemical devices (Gr/PLA). This conductive filament was used to additively manufacture electrochemical sensors using the 3D pen. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that Gr was successfully incorporated into PLA, achieving a composite material (40:60% w/w, Gr and PLA, respectively), while Raman and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of defects and a high porosity on the electrode surface, which contributes to improved electrochemical performance.

Electrochemical monitoring of levofloxacin using a silver nanoparticle-modified disposable device based on a lab-made conductive ink.

The emergence of bacteria genetically resistant to first- and second-generation fluoroquinolones has resulted in increased consumption of levofloxacin (LEV) in human and veterinary medicine. In this regard, the development of low cost and good sensitivity electrochemical devices has been highly required. Thus, in this work, we propose the development of a disposable electrochemical device (DED) using a lab-made conductive ink based on graphite powder and nail polish immobilized on a rigid polyvinyl chloride support (transparent sheet).

Development of a 3D disposable device for the electrochemical determination of diclofenac in different matrices.

In this work, the development of a disposable electrochemical device (US$ 0.02 per electrode) using a 3D printed support (3Ds) of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) insulating filament with a composite material (CM) based on graphite and nail polish, immobilized on the support surface, was described for the electrochemical determination of diclofenac (DCF). The device was compared to the commercial glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and showed superior electroanalytical performance with approximately 1.

A pencil graphite-based disposable device for electrochemical monitoring of sulfanilamide in honey and water samples.

The present paper reports a simple, fast, and inexpensive process of manufacturing a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) from widely available materials, which showed a reproducibility of at least 7.5%. The electrode was compared to the commercial glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and showed superior electroanalytical performance for sulfanilamide (SFA) with approximately 3.

3D-printed electrode an affordable sensor for sulfanilamide monitoring in breast milk, synthetic urine, and pharmaceutical formulation samples.

This paper describes a simple and cost-effective method for manufacturing a 3D-printed electrode. This electrode presented a similar design to commercial electrodes, where a stereolithography printer was used to build the electrode body using an acrylic resin. The electroactive surface was filled by a 3D-pen using a carbon black integrated polylactic acid (CB/PLA) conductive filament.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk samples using reduced graphene oxide sensor.

In this paper, the electrochemical response of chloramphenicol (CHL) was investigated on a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and after modification with reduced graphene oxide (GCE/rGO). Preliminary studies by cyclic voltammetry demonstrated an adsorption-controlled mass transport regime of CHL species and a pH-dependent behavior on both electrode surfaces. An adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV) method was proposed and under optimized instrumental conditions, a comparison of the analytical characteristics of both sensors was performed.

Electrochemical methods for the determination of antibiotic residues in milk: A critical review.

Several antibiotics have been applied to veterinary medicine due to their broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity and prophylactic power. Residues of these antibiotics can be accumulated in dairy cattle, in addition to promoting contamination of the environment and, in more serious cases, in milk, causing a public health problem. Different regulatory agencies establish maximum residue limits for these antibiotics in milk, so it becomes important to develop sensitive analytical methods for monitoring these compounds.

Batch injection analysis with amperometric detection for fluoroquinolone determination in urine, pharmaceutical formulations, and milk samples using a reduced graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode.

In this work, the batch injection analysis system with amperometric detection using reduced graphene oxide as a modifier of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated for the simple, fast, and sensitive monitoring of levofloxacin (LEVO) and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) in samples of pharmaceutical formulations, synthetic urine, and milk (low- and high-fat content). LEVO and CIPRO were quantified in seven samples using amperometric measurements at +1.10 V vs Ag/AgCl, KCl(sat).

Simultaneous determination of cadmium, lead and copper in chocolate samples by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry.

In this work, an effective and simple method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of cadmium, lead and copper in chocolate samples by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). An ultrasonic bath was used for the extraction of cadmium, lead and copper from fourteen chocolate samples using HNO solution (7 mol L). The electrochemical system consisted of a cell with three electrodes and HCl solution (10 mmol L) as the supporting electrolyte.

Simultaneous determination of strobilurin fungicides residues in bean samples by HPLC-UV-AD using boron-doped diamond electrode.

The aim of this paper was the development of a method for the determination of six strobilurins (fungicides) using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode with amperometric detection (AD) homemade coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV-Vis). HPLC separation of fungicides was performed in a C18 reverse phase column using both UV and AD detectors at 200 mn and 1.9 V, respectively.

Direct analysis of ascorbic acid in food beverage samples by flow injection analysis using reduced graphene oxide sensor.

In this paper, a simple, sensitive and precise electroanalytical method was developed using flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection and reduced graphene oxide sensor for ascorbic acid determination in samples of multivitamin beverages, milk, fermented milk, and milk chocolate. The advantages of this sensor include a potential displacement of 450 mV and a 2-fold peak current increase for electrochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid, which resulted in a highly sensitive method. No interference of sample matrix was observed, avoiding solvent extraction procedures (samples were only diluted).

Chromium Levels in Tobacco, Filter and Ash of Illicit Brands Cigarettes Marketed in Brazil.

Smoking is a public health problem and an important source of exposure to toxic metals. This work describes an efficient analytical method comparable to the ones based on atomic emission techniques for the determination of chromium in different constituent parts of cigarette samples (tobacco, filters and ashes) using electrothermal vaporization-atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was evaluated using 12 samples, and the results showed recovery values between 83 and 107%.