Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial.

Background: Oral semaglutide is the first oral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with renal impairment, restricting treatment options. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment.

Effect of Additional Oral Semaglutide vs Sitagliptin on Glycated Hemoglobin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With Metformin Alone or With Sulfonylurea: The PIONEER 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Phase 3 trials have not compared oral semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, with other classes of glucose-lowering therapy.

Objective: To compare efficacy and assess long-term adverse event profiles of once-daily oral semaglutide vs sitagliptin, 100 mg added on to metformin with or without sulfonylurea, in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, phase 3a trial conducted at 206 sites in 14 countries over 78 weeks from February 2016 to March 2018.

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of the Novel Oral Human GLP-1 Analogue, Oral Semaglutide, in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Oral semaglutide is a novel tablet containing the human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP‑1) analogue semaglutide, co-formulated with the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate (SNAC). The safety and pharmacokinetics of oral semaglutide were investigated in two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

Methods: In a single-dose, first-in-human trial, 135 healthy males received oral semaglutide (2-20 mg semaglutide co-formulated with 150-600 mg SNAC) or placebo with SNAC.

Benefit of clopidogrel therapy in patients with myocardial infarction and chronic kidney disease-a Danish nation-wide cohort study.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clopidogrel treatment after incident myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods And Results: By linking nation-wide registries, information about patients admitted with incident MI was found. Primary endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality, a composite of all-cause mortality and recurrent MI, and a composite of fatal and nonfatal bleedings.

Less use of standard guideline-based treatment of myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease: a Danish nation-wide cohort study.

Aims: The aim of this Danish nationwide study was to evaluate the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with non-end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Upgraded guidelines for the management of MI were implemented around 2004; hence, the treatment of MI in the time periods before and after 2004 was compared in order to evaluate the impact for patients with CKD.

Methods And Results: By linking nationwide registries by the personal registration number, we identified patients admitted to Danish hospitals with first time MI in the period 2000-09 (79 585 with no renal disease, 3144 with non-end-stage CKD, and 725 requiring RRT).

Low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased mortality in patients attending a university hospital in Denmark.

Introduction: Increased mortality in patients with low serum concentrations of S-25(OH)D has been described, though no causal relationship has been shown. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the possible association between S-25(OH)D status and all-cause mortality in 5,147 patients attending a university hospital in Denmark from 2003-2008.

Methods: Serum was analyzed for ionized calcium (S-Ca(2+)), parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) and S-25(OH)D.

[The clinical course of a three year-old girl after overdose of valproic acid].

Valproic acid (VA) is an antiepileptic drug, and frequently prescribed in pediatrics. VA overdose results in central nervous system depression, insufficient respiration, tachycardia, hypotension, hepatotoxicity, and electrolyte derangement. We describe the clinical course of a three year-old girl after accidental intake of 6,000 mg VA.

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prior to chronic renal replacement therapy initiation: a nationwide study.

Purpose: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be associated with severe renal complications, including acute renal failure, reduced glomerular filtration rate and interstitial nephritis. Caution against NSAIDs is therefore recommended in advanced chronic kidney disease. In this study, we examined NSAID use, aetiology and comorbidity among a national cohort of patients before the initiation of chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT).

[Treatment of severe digoxin intoxication with antidote].

In the case of severe digoxin intoxication, an antidote digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) is available. Digibind binds and inactivates digoxin. Measuring se-digoxin after administering Digibind (by standard measuring methods) is misleading as Digibind interferes with digitalis immunoassay measurements.