Overexpression of genes associated with hypoxia in cattle adapted to Trans Himalayan region of Ladakh.

Ladakh is an important part of the Trans-Himalayan region located between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south in the state of Jammu and Kashmir of India. The local cattle from Leh and Ladakh region, known as "Ladakhi cattle" is a unique germplasm having an excellent adaptation potential to high altitude hypobaric stress. In the present study, an effort was made to evaluate the transcriptional pattern of hypoxia inducing factor-1 (HIF-1) and several of its regulated genes in PBMCs of local Ladakhi cattle, Holstein Frisian crosses, Jersey (exotic) maintained at high altitude region and Sahiwal (Bos indicus) and Karan Fries (cross bred) cattle maintained in tropical environment.

Chitosan-tailored lipidic nanoconstructs of Fusidic acid as promising vehicle for wound infections: An explorative study.

The current research study intends to explore the combined potential of lipid nanoparticles and chitosan as an optimum therapy for the management of wound infections. Fusidic acid (FA), a steroidal antibiotic employed for treatment of primary and secondary topical infections was encapsulated within the nanoengineered lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (FA-LPHNs). A number of variables like lipid/polymer ratio, lipid, surfactant and chitosan concentration, stirring speed were optimized to get the desired particle size and % entrapment efficiency.

Lead: Tiny but Mighty Poison.

The documentation of lead toxicity (plumbism) dates back to the times when man learnt its various applications. This versatile heavy metal is non-degradable and its ability to get accumulated in the body that goes undiagnosed, makes it a serious environmental health hazard. Lead is now known to affect almost every organ/tissue of the human body.

Clinical Significance of Human Herpesvirus 6 Positivity on the FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel.

A review of 15 patients who tested positive for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) on the FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis panel revealed that the majority were unlikely to have HHV-6 encephalitis. Criteria to assist interpretation of HHV-6 positive results are presented.

Global developments in HIV neurology.

Neurologic conditions associated with HIV remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality, and are increasingly recognized in the aging population on long-standing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Importantly, growing evidence suggests that the central nervous system (CNS) serves as a reservoir for viral replication with major implications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication strategies. Though there has been major progress in the last decade in our understanding of the pathogenesis, burden, and impact of HIV-associated neurologic conditions, significant scientific gaps remain.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.

We examined the antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (HBSS, CHSS, DASS, CASS). The UV spectra and FT-IR results showed the purity and acidic nature of polysaccharides with β-configurations. DASS (78.

Cerebrospinal fluid Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 in pediatric cerebral malaria.

Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) causes a rapidly developing coma, and remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in malaria-endemic regions. This study sought to determine the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2 (PfHRP-2) and clinical, laboratory and radiographic features in a cohort of children with retinopathy-positive CM.

Methods: Patients included in the study were admitted (2009-2013) to the Pediatric Research Ward (Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi) meeting World Health Organization criteria for CM with findings of malarial retinopathy.

Global HIV neurology: a comprehensive review.

: Neurological conditions associated with HIV remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality and are increasingly recognized in the aging population on long-standing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Importantly, growing evidence shows that the central nervous system (CNS) may serve as a reservoir for viral replication, which has major implications for HIV eradication strategies. Although there has been major progress in the last decade in our understanding of the pathogenesis, burden, and impact of neurological conditions associated with HIV infection, significant scientific gaps remain.

Design standards for experimental and field studies to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of tests for infectious diseases in aquatic animals.

Design and reporting quality of diagnostic accuracy studies (DAS) are important metrics for assessing utility of tests used in animal and human health. Following standards for designing DAS will assist in appropriate test selection for specific testing purposes and minimize the risk of reporting biased sensitivity and specificity estimates. To examine the benefits of recommending standards, design information from published DAS literature was assessed for 10 finfish, seven mollusc, nine crustacean and two amphibian diseases listed in the 2017 OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals.

System-Wide Analysis Unravels the Differential Regulation and In Vivo Essentiality of Virulence-Associated Proteins B and C Toxin-Antitoxin Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are bicistronic genetic modules that are ubiquitously present in bacterial genomes. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes 90 putative TA systems, and these are considered to be associated with maintenance of bacterial genomic stability or bacterial survival under unfavorable environmental conditions. The majority of these in M.

Cationic-bilayered nanoemulsion of fusidic acid: an investigation on eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 33591 infection in burn wound.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of cationic-charged bilayered nanoemulsion for topical delivery of fusidic acid in eradicating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial burn wound infection.

Materials & Methods: The developed carriers were characterized for particle size, antibacterial activity, cell viability assay in HaCat cell lines, rheological profile, ex vivo and in vivo studies, namely, full thickness MRSA 33591 murine burn wound infection via topical route.

Results: The developed cationic bilayered nanogel offered enhanced drug permeation, reduction in bacterial load and enhanced wound contraction along with faster re-epithelialization in burn wounds.

Association between sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation on Atlantic salmon farms and wild Pacific salmon in Muchalat Inlet, Canada.

Growth in salmon aquaculture over the past two decades has raised concerns regarding the potential impacts of the industry on neighboring ecosystems and wild fish productivity. Despite limited evidence, sea lice have been identified as a major cause for the decline in some wild Pacific salmon populations on the west coast of Canada. We used sea lice count and management data from farmed and wild salmon, collected over 10 years (2007-2016) in the Muchalat Inlet region of Canada, to evaluate the association between sea lice recorded on salmon farms with the infestation levels on wild out-migrating Chum salmon.

Effects of different chemical modifications on the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from peony seed dreg.

Four types of sequentially extracted peony seed dreg polysaccharides (PSDPs) fractions were modified through sulfation, phosphorylation and carboxymethylation and studied for their in vitro antioxidant characteristics. The modified derivatives showed decreased sugar and protein content, while uronic acid content was elevated as compared to native (un-modified) polysaccharides. Further, modified derivatives shared the similar maximum absorption peaks indicating their homogeneous nature.

L-Proline/CeCl·7HO-NaI mediated stereoselective synthesis of α-2-deoxy glycosides from glucal.

Glucal with different alcohols can be converted into the corresponding 2-deoxy glycosides without Ferrier rearrangement in high yield by treatment with eco friendly transition metal based catalysts [CuCl·2HO-NaI (A) or CeCl·7HO-NaI (B)] and chiral amine ligand L-proline at various reaction conditions which were optimized for stereoselectivity. The catalyst CeCl·7HO-NaI (B) and ligand L-proline in toluene, was found to be much more efficient and high atom economic for the stereoselective glycosidation of propargyl alcohol with glucal, afforded exclusively α-2-deoxy propargyl glycoside in 98% optimized yield. The ligand L-proline was used for the first time in stereoselective glycosidation of α-2-deoxy glycosides involving glucal and alcohols.

"Simple Methods to Derive Primary Malignant Glioma Cell Lines and Assay of Cellular Damage for Preclinical Studies".

Primary malignant glioma cell lines are being used for initial screening of anticancer agents. We utilized a simple mechanical disaggregation method for deriving cell lines from tumor tissues; and a Coverslip Culture-Acridine Orange Staining method to study cellular damage. Cell lines could be grown for up to three passages within three weeks after surgery.

Effects of extraction methods on the rheological properties of polysaccharides from onion (Allium cepa L.).

In this work we described the rheological properties of polysaccharides (HBSS, CHSS, DASS, CASS) sequentially extracted from onion (Allium cepa L.). Four onion polysaccharides (ACLPs) solutions resulted into significant differences on their rheological properties.

Preclinical Explorative Assessment of Dimethyl Fumarate-Based Biocompatible Nanolipoidal Carriers for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which myelin sheath damage occurs due to internal and external factors. MS especially affects the young population. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a promising agent for MS treatment, although it is associated with concerns such as poor brain permeation, multiple dosing, and gastrointestinal flushing.

Bio-prospectus of cadmium bioadsorption by lactic acid bacteria to mitigate health and environmental impacts.

Foodstuffs and water are the key sources of cadmium biomagnifiaction. The available strategies to mitigate this problem are unproductive and expensive for practical large-scale use. Biological decontamination of metals through environmental microbes has been known since long time, whereas lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have not been extensively studied for this purpose.

Antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from onion (Allium cepa L.).

We investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of sequentially extracted onion polysaccharide fractions namely HBSS, CHSS, DASS and CASS. The different antioxidant assays indicated that ACLPs exhibited potentially appreciable antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Among all the fractions, CHSS rendered the highest antioxidant action towards ABTS radical cations (97.

A survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices on Zika virus in new York City.

Background: Over 900 travel-associated Zika virus cases have been identified in New York City (NYC), New York. A survey was administered in NYC adapted from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey on Zika virus developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods: A standardized, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample in Manhattan and the Bronx from June 30th, 2016 to October 21st, 2016.

Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke and Presumed Stroke in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults: A Retrospective, Multicenter US Study.

Background And Purpose: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been shown to increase both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risks, but there are limited data on the safety and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis with tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) for acute ischemic stroke in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of intravenous tPA-treated HIV patients who presented with acute stroke symptoms was performed in 7 large inner-city US academic centers (various search years between 2000 and 2017). We collected data on HIV, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, ischemic stroke risk factors, opportunistic infections, intravenous drug abuse, neuroimaging findings, and modified Rankin Scale score at last follow-up.

Thermal and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharides Sequentially Extracted from Mulberry Leaves (Morus alba L.).

Polysaccharides from natural plant products are gaining considerable attention due to their multi-faceted health effects, as well their functional applications in food production. We reported the sequential extraction of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) with hot buffer (HBSS), chelating agent (CHSS), dilute alkali (DASS) and concentrated alkali (CASS), in order to obtain polysaccharide fractions. Monosaccharide analysis proved that galactose (27.