DNA ploidy status as a predictor for malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To synthesize literature regarding determination of ploidy status in cases of oral leukoplakia (OL) with the research question: Can DNA ploidy assess malignant transformation (MT) in OL cases?

Study Design: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022340184). The PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcome) was patients with OL, aneuploidy, diploidy, and MT in OL. Literature search databases included Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

: AI generation of multiplex immunofluorescence staining from histopathology images.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a common and inexpensive histopathology assay. Though widely used and information-rich, it cannot directly inform about specific molecular markers, which require additional experiments to assess. To address this gap, we present a deep-learning framework that computationally imputes the expression and localization of dozens of proteins from H&E images.

Health Care Utilization After a Visit to a Within-Group Family Physician vs a Walk-In Clinic Physician.

Purpose: Primary care access is a key health system metric, but little research has compared models to provide primary care access when one's regular physician is not available. We compared health system use after a visit with a patient's own family physician group (ie, within-group physician who was not the patient's primary physician) vs a visit with a walk-in clinic physician who was not part of the patient's family physician group.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using administrative data from Ontario, Canada, including all individuals formally enrolled with a family physician, from April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020.

Analyzing Androgen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer: Insights into Histopathological Parameters and Hormone Receptor Status Among Indian Women.

Breast cancer, an exceptionally hormone-dependent tumor, exhibits a diverse clinical profile. Its therapeutic categorization relies on the expression of key receptors, namely, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2neu. The androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a biomarker gaining attention in breast cancer research, particularly for triple-negative breast cancers.

Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-pathogenic potential of a polyherbal formulation Enteropan® against multidrug-resistant .

Objective: Anti-pathogenic potential of a polyherbal formulation Enteropan® was investigated against a multidrug-resistant strain of the bacterium .

Methods: Growth, pigment production, antibiotic susceptibility, etc., were assessed through appropriate assays.

Real time implementation of scaled droop control in hybrid microgrid with hydrogen storage for regulation of voltage and frequency.

The incorporation of renewable energy resources (RERs) into smart city through hybrid microgrid (HMG) offers a sustainable solution for clean energy. The HMG architecture also involves linking the AC-microgrid and DC-microgrid through bidirectional interconnection converters (ICC). This HMG combines AC sources like wind-DFIG with DC sources such as solar PV and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), supported by battery energy storage systems (BESS) and hydrogen storage units (HSU).

How do care partners overcome the challenges associated with falls of community-dwelling older people with dementia? A qualitative study.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have found that falls among community-dwelling older people with dementia negatively impact the health and well-being of their relative/friend care partners. Limited studies have explored the challenges care partners experience because of older people's falls (including fall incidents and fall risks). We sought to investigate care partners' experiences of these challenges and how care partners responded.

Silversol (a Colloidal Nanosilver Formulation) Inhibits Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant by Disrupting Its Physiology in Multiple Ways.

Antibiotic-resistant strains of are being viewed as a serious threat by various public health agencies. Identifying novel targets in this important pathogen is crucial to the development of new effective antibacterial formulations. We investigated the antibacterial effect of a colloidal nanosilver formulation, Silversol, against an antibiotic-resistant strain of using appropriate in vitro assays.

Socio-Economic Status and Bullying Victimization in India: A Study About Social Misfit and Minority Perception.

The Social Misfit Theory, which states that some individuals deviate from what is normative in a community and may therefore be more likely to be victimized, has mostly been studied in Western countries. The current study addresses in a longitudinal sample whether socio-economic minorities (SES) in the classroom (a contextual SES minority) are more likely to become victims of bullying in India, and whether the relation between minority status and victimization is mediated by perception of oneself as a minority. The current study used three waves separated by three month intervals.

Survey of Pharmaceutical Industry's Best Practices around In Vitro Transporter Assessment and Implications for Drug Development: Considerations from the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality for Pharmaceutical Development Transporter Working Group.

The International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development Transporter Working Group had a rare opportunity to analyze a crosspharma collation of in vitro data and assay methods for the evaluation of drug transporter substrate and inhibitor potential. Experiments were generally performed in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Discrepancies, such as not considering the impact of preincubation for inhibition and free or measured in vitro drug concentrations, may be due to the retrospective nature of the dataset and analysis.

Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of fostemsavir and its pivotal application to support dosing in pregnancy.

It is critical to understand the impact of significant physiological changes during pregnancy on the extent of maternal and fetal drug exposure. Fostemsavir (FTR) is a prodrug of temsavir (TMR) and is approved in combination with other antiretrovirals for multi-drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. This physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) study was used to estimate TMR PK in pregnant populations during each trimester of pregnancy to inform FTR dosing.

Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and, in recent years, has become an urgent public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data from LMICs, however, remains limited. As such, the aim of this article is to systematically review the current literature on the incidence of SCD in LMICs to inform policymakers and identify potential research gaps.

Predicting A/B compartments from histone modifications using deep learning.

The three-dimensional organization of genomes plays a crucial role in essential biological processes. The segregation of chromatin into A and B compartments highlights regions of activity and inactivity, providing a window into the genomic activities specific to each cell type. Yet, the steep costs associated with acquiring Hi-C data, necessary for studying this compartmentalization across various cell types, pose a significant barrier in studying cell type specific genome organization.

Estimating the Impact of Vaccination Campaigns on Measles Transmission in Somalia.

Somalia is a complex and fragile setting with a demonstrated potential for disruptive, high-burden measles outbreaks. In response, since 2018, Somalian authorities have partnered with UNICEF and the WHO to implement measles vaccination campaigns across the country. In this paper, we create a Somalia-specific model of measles transmission based on a comprehensive epidemiological dataset including case-based surveillance, vaccine registries, and serological surveys.

Socio-sexual norms and young people's sexual health in urban Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan: A qualitative scoping review.

In South Asia, young people face myriad challenges and opportunities regarding their sexual lives relating to varied experiences of norms and restrictions; gender norms and socio-sexual taboos limit communication around sexual health which in turn can affect sexual health outcomes. In this article we focus on norms affecting young people's sexual health experiences in urban settings in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. We conducted a scoping review of peer reviewed empirical studies based on qualitative data pertaining to young people's experiences of sexuality and sexual health in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.

Impact of ambient air pollution and socio-environmental factors on the health of children younger than 5 years in India: a population-based analysis.

Background: Ambient air pollution and household environmental factors affect child health, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between ambient air pollution (PM2·5) levels, socio-environmental factors (including household wealth, housing quality measures, smoking status), and the occurrence of respiratory illness in Indian children.

Methods: In this retrospective and observational study, we analysed data from India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-2021) combined with NASA's Global Annual PM2·5 Grids database.

Case Series of Cervical Lymphangioma with Different Presentation.

Cervical lymphangioma is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. They are most common in children between the ages of 3 and 5 years and rarely present in adults. It is most often present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

Germline Editing of Using CRISPR-Cas9-Based Cytosine and Adenine Base Editors.

Target-AID, BE3, and ABE7.10 base editors fused to the catalytically modified Cas9 and xCas9(3.7) were tested for germline editing of the fruit fly .

Sub-lethal concentration of a colloidal nanosilver formulation (Silversol®) triggers dysregulation of iron homeostasis and nitrogen metabolism in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious pathogen. Its multidrug resistant strains are listed among priority pathogens against whom discovery of novel antibacterial agents and, elucidation of new anti-pathogenicity mechanisms are urgently warranted. This study describes multiple antibacterial effects of a colloidal nano-silver formulation- Silversol® against a multi-drug resistant strain of P.

Population-Level Risk Factors Related to Measles Case Fatality: A Conceptual Framework Based on Expert Consultation and Literature Review.

A better understanding of population-level factors related to measles case fatality is needed to estimate measles mortality burden and impact of interventions such as vaccination. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework of mechanisms associated with measles case fatality ratios (CFRs) and assess the scope of evidence available for related indicators. Using expert consultation, we developed a conceptual framework of mechanisms associated with measles CFR and identified population-level indicators potentially associated with each mechanism.

Decreasing Goal Oxygen Saturations in Bronchiolitis Is Associated With Decreased Length of Stay.

Objectives: For patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis, many hospitals have implemented clinical practice guidelines to decrease variability in care. Our hospital updated its bronchiolitis clinical pathway by lowering goal oxygen saturation from 90% to 88%. We compared clinical outcomes before and after this change within the context of the pathway update.

Model-Based Dose Selection of Fostemsavir for Pediatric Populations With Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 and Relative Bioavailability Assessment in Healthy Adults.

Fostemsavir, a prodrug of the first-in-class HIV-1 attachment inhibitor temsavir, is approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 in adults; its use in pediatric populations is currently being studied. Population pharmacokinetic modeling across pediatric weight bands was used to guide pediatric fostemsavir dose selection. Dosing simulations demonstrated that twice-daily fostemsavir 600-mg (adult dose) and 400-mg doses met safety and efficacy criteria for 35 kg or greater and 20 or greater to less than 35 kg pediatric weight bands, respectively.