Diet quality and nutritional status in children with human immunodeficiency virus.

Poor diet quality in children and adolescents may contribute to decreased immunity and lead to an increased risk of opportunistic diseases. To investigate diet quality and its relationship to nutritional status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients (HIV-PIHIV). We conducted a cross-sectional study with 87 patients aged between 6 and 19 years carried out in two University Hospitals.

Sodium found in processed cow milk and estimated intake by infants.

Objective: To determine the sodium concentration in cow milk available for sale and to estimate its consumption by infants up to 6 months of age.

Methods: Sodium level was determined by flame emission spectrophotometry in eight different lots of five brands of liquid ultra-high temperature milk and three brands of powdered milk. To estimate sodium consumption via cow milk, orientations for exceptional situations when neither breastfeeding nor infant formula is possible were considered.

High abdominal adiposity and low phase angle in overweight renal transplant recipients.

Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Body mass index (BMI) is the most used parameter for obesity screening. However, the evaluation of CVD risk in overweight individuals should include the assessment of body fat distribution and body composition.

Serum Uric Acid Levels are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Young and Middle-Aged Adults.

Background: Observational studies have highlighted an association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and cardiovascular risk factors. Despite the growing body of evidences, several studies were conducted in older individuals or in carriers of diseases susceptible to affect SUA levels and cardiometabolic risk markers.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of SUA with body adiposity, metabolic profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure and endothelial function in healthy young and middle-aged adults.

No difference in acute effects of supplemental v. dietary calcium on blood pressure and microvascular function in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal: a cross-over randomised study.

Recent studies suggest that supplemental Ca (SC) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, whereas dietary Ca (DC) decreases the risk of cardiovascular events. Although frequently consumed with meals, it remains unclear whether Ca can mitigate or aggravate the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal on cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC or DC on blood pressure (BP) and microvascular function (MVF) in the postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal.

Vitamin d deficiency is associated with insulin resistance independent of intracellular calcium, dietary calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium in premenopausal women.

Background: There is evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it is not known if this association is independent of dietary calcium, intracellular calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium.

Objectives: To investigate the independent relationship of vitamin D deficiency with insulin resistance, lipid profile, inflammatory status, blood pressure and endothelial function.

Dietary calcium intake is associated with adiposity, metabolic profile, inflammatory state and blood pressure, but not with erythrocyte intracellular calcium and endothelial function in healthy pre-menopausal women.

Recent studies have suggested that dietary Ca may have beneficial effects on adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and blood pressure (BP). One potential mechanism underlying these benefits involves modifications in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca2+]i). The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary Ca with adiposity, erythrocyte [Ca2+]i, metabolic profile, BP, inflammatory state and endothelial function in healthy pre-menopausal women.

Dietary counseling on long-term weight loss in overweight hypertensive patients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate long-term weight loss in overweight hypertensive patients receiving dietary counseling.

Methods: Longitudinal study included overweight hypertensive patients who had an initial individual consultation with a nutritionist between January 2002 and December 2005 and were followed for four years in a hypertension clinic. Patients who had at least four consultations during the follow-up period were included in the dietary counseling group.

Dietary calcium intake and its relationship with adiposity and metabolic profile in hypertensive patients.

Objective: An inverse relation between dietary calcium and adiposity has been found in several epidemiologic studies. Recent evidence has also suggested that a calcium-rich diet may have beneficial effects on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary calcium intake with global adiposity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic profile in hypertensive patients.