Do obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disorders increase the incidence risk of dynapenia in adults aged 50 and older?

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether obstructive or restrictive lung disorders are associated with the incidence of dynapenia in individuals aged 50 and over.

Methods: Longitudinal study involving 4,975 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) aged 50 or older, without dynapenia at baseline, followed for eight years. Lung function was assessed by spirometry (predicted percentage) and participants were classified as no pulmonary disorder (FEV ≥ 80 %, FVC ≥ 80 % and FEV/FVC ≥ 70 %); with obstructive pulmonary disorder (FEV < 80 %, FEV/FVC < 70 % and normal FVC or < 80 %); or with restrictive pulmonary disorder (FVC < 80 %, FEV/FVC > 70 % and normal or < 80 % FEV).

Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites are altered and associated with dietary intake in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Disturbances in the gut microbiota may act as mechanisms influencing the interplay between dietary factors and metabolic disorders. Studies have demonstrated that these alterations are associated with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Within this context, we aimed to investigate associations between gut microbiota, gut-derived metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs] and indole-3-propionic acid [IPA]), and dietary intake in women with PCOS.

Can simple measures from clinical practice serve as a proxy for sarcopenic obesity and identify mortality risk?

Background: Sarcopenic obesity is a condition where loss of muscle mass occurs alongside fat gain, and it is considered a risk factor for mortality. However, the use of various definitions for this condition has led to conflicting results.

Aim: To investigate whether the coexistence of low muscle mass and abdominal obesity, defined using two simple measures employed in clinical practice, is a risk factor for mortality in individuals aged 50 or older.

Executive functions, mental health, and quality of life in healthy older adults.

Unlabelled: Population aging brings about numerous challenges, particularly concerning cognitive health. In this context, socioeconomic factors such as education have received special attention due to their role in brain health.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the performance of executive functions, mental health variables, and quality of life among healthy older adults in relation to their level of education.

Nanoparticles based on whey and soy proteins enhance the antioxidant activity of phenolic compound extract from Cantaloupe melon pulp flour (Cucumis melo L.).

The phenolic compounds (PC) present in the pulp flour of Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) were encapsulated in whey protein isolate (EPWI), whey protein concentrate (EPWC), and soy protein isolate (EPSP) by nanoprecipitation to evaluate the effect on the antioxidant potential in vitro. The crude extract was evaluated for the content and profile of PC, presenting 750 ± 60.

Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) during a Virtual Reality Task in Women with Fibromyalgia-A Randomized Clinical Study.

Background/objectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and impaired motor performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during virtual reality (VR) tasks on the motor performance of women with FM.

Methods: Participants were divided into two groups: Group A received active tDCS for 10 days followed by sham tDCS for 10 days, while Group B received the opposite sequence.

Topiramate added to metformin for obesity control in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often linked with obesity, and weight management can improve endocrine and cardiometabolic features.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of adding topiramate (TPM) to metformin (MTF) on weight control, hormonal and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants with PCOS and body mass index ≥30 kg/m² or ≥27 kg/m² associated with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia followed a 20 kcal/kg diet in addition to 850 mg of MTF or a previous MTF regimen.

Effects of pilates exercises on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Pilates exercises have been used by the older adults and have shown potential to improve some components of physical fitness.

Objective: To verify the effects of Pilates on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults.

Methods: The searches were performed in the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and PEDro until September 2022, without filters that limited the date of publications or language.

Novel putative causal mutations associated with fat traits in Nellore cattle uncovered by eQTLs located in open chromatin regions.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) and backfat thickness (BFT) are critical economic traits impacting meat quality. However, the genetic variants controlling these traits need to be better understood. To advance knowledge in this area, we integrated RNA-seq and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in genomic and transcriptomic data to generate a linkage disequilibrium filtered panel of 553,581 variants.

Local environmental factors are the main drivers of phytoplankton biovolume in subtropical streams of Brazil.

The ecological attributes of phytoplankton in freshwater environments are strongly influenced by limnological factors and temporal variability. In this study, we investigated the importance of local environmental and regional (spatial and landscape) predictors in structuring stream phytoplankton from the perspective of metacommunity theory. We seasonally sampled phytoplankton and abiotic variables from nine streams in three subtropical basins.

Recent Advances in Lipid Crystallization in the Food Industry.

This review discusses fundamental concepts of fat crystallization and how various processing conditions such as crystallization temperature, cooling rate, and shear or agitation affect this process. Traditional methods used to process fats, such as the use of scraped surface heat exchangers, fractionation, and interesterification, are described. Parameters that affect fat crystallization in these systems, such as shear, crystallization temperature, type of fat, and type of process, are discussed.

The presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive performance among older individuals with and without self-reported chronic diseases.

Unlabelled: Dementias secondary to cardiovascular diseases are the second cause of neurogenerative diseases. These conditions can be prevented by controlling risk factors, and it is necessary to observe the relationship between chronic diseases.

Objective: to know the influence of chronic non-communicable diseases on cognition and depressive symptoms in the elderly, amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Electrical carotid sinus nerve stimulation attenuates experimental colitis induced by acetic acid in rats.

Aims: The carotid bodies are sensors that detect physiological signals and convey them to the central nervous system, where the stimuli are processed inducing reflexes through efferent pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) triggers the anti-inflammatory reflex under different conditions. However, whether this electrical stimulation attenuates colitis was never examined.

The effect of myofascial release of the physiological chains on the pain and health status in patients with fibromyalgia, compared to passive muscle stretching and a control group: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To explore the potential effectiveness of myofascial release compared to passive muscle stretching and to a control group in modulating pain intensity and health status in adults diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM).

Materials And Methods: A preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted, consisting of eight weekly sessions. The participants were divided into three groups: myofascial release group (RG = 13), a muscle stretching group (SG = 13), and a control group (CG = 12), which received advice from a rheumatologist.

Sucrose Esters as Oleogelators in Mono or Binary Structured Oleogels Using Different Oleogelation Routes.

Sucrose esters (SE) have been investigated as structuring agents in oleogels. Due to the low structuration power of SE as single agent, this component has recently been explored in combination with other oleogelators to form multicomponent systems. This study aimed to evaluate binary blends of SEs with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLBs) with lecithin (LE), monoglycerides (MGs) and hard-fat (HF), according to their physical properties.

Oleogels as a Fat Substitute in Food: A Current Review.

Fats and oils in food give them flavor and texture while promoting satiety. Despite the recommendation to consume predominantly unsaturated lipid sources, its liquid behavior at room temperature makes many industrial applications impossible. Oleogel is a relatively new technology applied as a total or partial replacement for conventional fats directly related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and inflammatory processes.

Correlation between heart rate variability and polysomnography-derived scores of obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders and affects nearly a billion people worldwide. Furthermore, it is estimated that many patients with OSA are underdiagnosed, which contributes to the development of comorbidities, such as cardiac autonomic imbalance, leading to high cardiac risk. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive, widely used approach to evaluating neural control of the heart.

Effect of randomized prophylactic nitroglycerin on radial artery spasm during transradial catheterization: An analysis based on operator experience.

One limitation to transradial access (TRA) is the occurrence of spasms (RAS), for which the use of prophylactic medications is recommended. Improvement in TRA material combined with the increase in operators' expertise, might mitigate this benefit. We assess the effect of preventive nitroglycerin on RAS during TRA, evaluating the role of the operator's experience.

Modifying sucrose esters oleogels properties using different structuration routes.

Sucrose esters (SE) have been widely studied as emulsifiers to tailor crystallization in fats. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the potential of SEs as oleogelators to structure oleogels. This study aimed to evaluate alternative routes that would improve the oleogelation capacity of commercial SEs with different Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values and evaluate the physical properties of the oleogels produced by different routes.

Is Abdominal Obesity a Risk Factor for the Incidence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency in Older Adults? Evidence from the ELSA Study.

Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an association between abdominal obesity, determined by waist circumference (WC), and vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in older adults. However, longitudinal evidence is based only on general obesity determined using body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether abdominal obesity is associated with the incidence of 25(OH)D insufficiency (>30 and ≤50 nmol/L) and deficiency (≤30 nmol/L), and whether vitamin D supplementation modifies these associations.

Long-term studies in cognitive training for older adults: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Studies show that aging is accompanied by losses in cognitive functions and that interventions can increase performance and/or support the maintenance of cognitive skills in the elderly.

Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of long-term studies involving cognitive training (CT) in older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: A systematic review of controlled studies was published in scientific journals from 2000 onward, with duration ≥6 months, CT intervention, cognitively normal (CN) or MCI participants aged ≥60 years, and assessments using cognitive and/or neuropsychological tests.

Cognitive interventions in mature and older adults, benefits for psychological well-being and quality of life: a systematic review study.

Unlabelled: Few recently published studies investigating the benefits of educational and cognitive interventions on quality of life (QoL), psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms are available.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of educational and cognitive interventions on psychological well-being, QoL, and mood in mature and older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: The systematic review took place from September to October 2020 and the following databases were used to select the studies: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and Medline.

Polymeric film containing pomegranate peel extract as a promising tool for the treatment of candidiasis.

Polymeric films containing pomegranate peel extract (PPE) can act as a drug-delivery platform for topical treatment of candidiasis. The composition, mechanical resistance, and antifungal activity of a polymeric film containing PPE at 1.25 mg.

Influence of sonocrystallization on lipid crystals multicomponent oleogels structuration and physical properties.

The use of multicomponent oleogels combined with a physical process such as high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) has become an interesting alternative to overcome nutritional and technological issues in fat-based foods. This is because the combination can add technological properties without changing the total amount of gelators, improving sensory acceptance and clean label claim. In this context, the study aims to evaluate the structuration power and physical properties of oleogels formed by monoglycerides (MG), fully hydrogenated rapessed oil (FHRO), and lecithin (LE) in rapeseed oil, with and without HIU.

Randomized Clinical Trial on Prevention of Radial Occlusion After Transradial Access Using Nitroglycerin: PATENS Trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether administration of nitroglycerin at the beginning or end of a transradial approach (TRA) procedure would preserve radial patency.

Background: The TRA is becoming the preferred vascular access route in coronary interventions. Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is the most frequent complication.