NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Lung Cancer Screening, Version 1.2025.

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Lung Cancer Screening provide criteria for selecting individuals for screening and offer recommendations for evaluating and managing lung nodules detected during initial and subsequent annual screening. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening.

Large Discordance between Creatinine-Based and Cystatin C-Based eGFRs is Associated with Falls, Hospitalizations, and Death in Older Adults.

Key Points: A large eGFR discordance (., cystatin C–based eGFR >30% lower than creatinine-based eGFR) is common in older adults and increased with age. A large eGFR discordance was associated with increased risk of falls, hospitalization, and death, independent of kidney function.

Onset of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Dyspepsia, Diarrhea, Bloating, and Constipation in Deployed Gulf War Veterans.

An estimated 694,550 United States service members were actively deployed to the Persian Gulf from 1990-1991. Many veterans who were deployed developed Persian Gulf War Syndrome along with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms after returning from the Persian Gulf. Our objective in this study was to determine the phenotypic expression of gastrointestinal symptom complexes in previously healthy veterans who had been stationed in the Persian Gulf.

Caring for caregivers and persons living with dementia under home-based primary care: protocol for an interventional clinical trial.

Background: Approximately 7.5 million older adults are homebound, who have difficulty and/or need assistance to leave their homes. In this growing population, the prevalence of people living with dementia (PLWD) is approximately 50%.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Intravenous Infusions of PF-07304814 (Lufotrelvir) in Participants Hospitalized With COVID-19.

Background: An urgent need remains for antiviral therapies to treat patients hospitalized with COVID-19. PF-07304814-the prodrug (lufotrelvir) and its active moiety (PF-00835231)-is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease.

Method: Eligible participants were 18 to 79 years old and hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19.

Diet of a threatened rattlesnake (eastern massasauga) revealed by DNA metabarcoding.

Characterizing the diet of imperiled species using minimally invasive methods is crucial to understanding their ecology and conservation requirements. Here, we apply a DNA metabarcoding approach to study the diet of the eastern massasauga rattlesnake (), a Federally Threatened snake found throughout the Great Lakes region. Eighty-three fecal samples collected across 10 different massasauga populations located in Michigan, USA, were sequenced, with 70 samples containing prey DNA.

Disseminated Tuberculosis Presenting as Ciliary Body and Thyroid Mass Lesions: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a case of disseminated TB presenting as ciliary body and thyroid mass lesions.

Case Report: A 17-year-old male patient presented with a thyroid mass and blurring of vision in the left eye. A diagnosis of ciliary body granuloma was made.

Cranial Autonomic Symptoms in Migraine: An Observational Study.

Objective: Our aim was to observe frequency of cranial autonomic symptoms (CAS) in migraineurs (primary) and its relation with laterality of headache or other factors, if any.

Background: Migraine episodes have headaches with or without aura, and sometimes associated with systemic autonomic nervous system symptoms. Primarily presence of cranial autonomic symptoms suggests diagnosis of TACs.

A Comparative Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Asymmetry Index in Stroke Patients with or without Poststroke Depression Using Tc-ECD Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.

 Stroke is a major cause of death and disability around the globe. The development of depression following a stroke further increases the disability and impairs functional recovery. In recent decades, despite the advancement in structural and nuclear medicine imaging, the pathophysiologic basis of poststroke depression (PSD) is not well understood.

Autonomic Function Tests, Heart Rate Variability, and Electrophysiological Evaluation in Patients With a Primary Episodic Headache: An Observational Study.

Purpose: Cranial autonomic symptoms are typically associated with the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and also present in substantial cases of migraine. Autonomic nervous system dysfunctions are also been reported in headache disorders and postulated to promote headache attacks. This study was aimed to evaluate the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic functions tests in patients with a episodic primary headache and to investigate, if any, electrophysiological abnormalities in the blink reflex test and sympathetic skin response test in these patients.

Radiofrequency Treatment of Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia (Conventional vs. Pulsed): A Prospective Randomized Control Study.

Background: Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is a chronic pain disorder causing unilateral, severe brief stabbing recurrent pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Conventional radiofrequency (CRF) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are two types of minimally invasive treatment. CRF selectively ablates the part of ganglion to provide the relief, but it has been found to be associated with some side effects such as dysesthesia or sensory loss in 6%-28% and loss of corneal reflex in 3%-8% of patients.

Resolution Pattern and Predictors of Outcome for Optic Disc Pit - Maculopathy Following Vitrectomy: An Optical Coherence Tomography Based Morphometric Analysis.

Background: To characterize the resolution pattern and macular structure recovery of optic disc pit-maculopathy (ODP-M) following vitrectomy using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective, observational case series. Serial SD-OCT scans of all consecutive eyes of ODP-M undergoing vitrectomy were evaluated to analyze the sequence of maculopathy resolution.

High resolution ultrasonography of peripheral nerves in diabetic patients to evaluate nerve cross sectional area with clinical profile.

Objectives: The aim of this observational study was ultrasound evaluation of peripheral nerves cross-sectional area (CSA) in subjects with probable diabetic peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy (DPN). CSA was analyzed with reference to clinical and nerve conduction study's (NCS) parameters for early diagnosis and pattern of involvement.

Methods: A total of 50 patients with probable DPN due to Type 2 diabetes and 50 age-matched healthy controls underwent sonographic examinations of ulnar nerve at the lower arm, median nerve proximal to carpal tunnel, the common peroneal nerve proximal to fibular head, tibial nerve proximal to the tarsal tunnel, and sural nerve at lower third leg.

Malignant hyperthermia 2020: Guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists.

Malignant hyperthermia is defined in the International Classification of Diseases as a progressive life-threatening hyperthermic reaction occurring during general anaesthesia. Malignant hyperthermia has an underlying genetic basis, and genetically susceptible individuals are at risk of developing malignant hyperthermia if they are exposed to any of the potent inhalational anaesthetics or suxamethonium. It can also be described as a malignant hypermetabolic syndrome.

Classification and comparative analysis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) semiology based on video-electroencephalography (VEEG).

Background: Multiple classification systems for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) based on semiological features have been described. We sought to compare the efficiency of four PNES classification systems.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical and video-electroencephalography (VEEG) records of patients with PNES with at least one typical event recorded on VEEG.

Clinical value of perilesional perfusion deficit measured by Technetium-99m-ECD single-photon emission computed tomography in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Pathological and experimental studies indicate the existence of a "penumbra" of progressive tissue damage and edema in regions immediately surrounding a hematoma in patients of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This zone of oligemia surrounding ICH has a potential for perfusion recovery. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of perilesional blood flow changes and brain injury after ICH may result in improved treatment strategies.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in acute stroke and its clinical implications.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a very important role in repairing intact and injured brain, also known as neuroplasticity. Risk factors may affect neuroplasticity.

Objectives: In this study, our aim was to delineate the levels of BDNF in acute stroke with different etiology and impact of risk factors on its levels.

Depression impedes neuroplasticity and quality of life after stroke.

Background And Purpose: Depression following a stroke/poststroke depression (PSD) has been newly recognized as one of the most common complications after stroke. PSD may affect neuroplasticity and quality of life. The purpose of present study was to find out effects of depression on functional recovery, quality of life and neuroplasticity in patients with acute stroke.

Post-stroke BDNF concentration changes following proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercises.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in repairing normal as well as in the injured brain. Physical exercise may have a positive impact on the release of BDNF.

Objective: PNF is a neurophysiological approach that facilitates the stimulation of central and peripheral nervous systems.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 impedes functional recovery, neuroplasticity and quality of life after stroke.

Objectives: The recovery after stroke depends on the resolution of brain edema and neuroplasticity. The comorbidities associated with stroke such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may increase the chances of unfavorable outcome and delay the recovery from stroke and needs further investigation.

Subjects And Methods: The study dealt with 208 patients.

A DS Score to Predict the Risk of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Stroke: An Indian Perspective.

 Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is an important cause of poststroke morbidity and mortality. Several clinical risk scores predict the risk of SAP. In this study, we used the A DS score (age, atrial fibrillation, dysphagia, sex, and stroke severity) to assess the risk of SAP in patients admitted with acute stroke.

Mandating nerve biopsy: A step towards personalizing therapy in pure neuritic leprosy.

Pure neuritic leprosy (PNL) accounts for 5% to 10% of leprosy patients who usually present with asymmetrical neuropathy in the absence of lepra bacilli on slit-skin smears. However, nerve biopsies in PNL lack appropriate categorization in current immunologic terms. We aimed to classify nerve biopsies according to the immune spectrum of leprosy and assess the role of histologic classification of nerve biopsies in treating PNL.