Economic returns on investing in early childhood development in Vietnam: a cost-benefit analysis.

Background: Economic evidence on the long-term benefits of investing in early childhood development is limited. This study aimed to estimate the potential long-term economic benefits of an early childhood development intervention 'Learning Clubs' in Vietnam.

Methods: We conducted a cost-benefit analysis to estimate the costs and benefits of the intervention compared to the standard of care from a limited societal perspective.

Mental health of adolescents in countries of South-East Asia: A policy review.

Background: In the World Health Organization (WHO) geographical region of South-East Asia, the mental health burden of adolescents appears high. Addressing this burden requires development of mental health policies consistent with international standards to assist governance, resource allocation and delivery of mental healthcare effectively. The aim was to identify current national mental health policies/plans/programs/legislation in South-East Asia, assess compliance with international standards and review inclusion of adolescents in these documents.

Nature, prevalence and determinants of mental health problems experienced by adolescents in south Asia: a systematic review.

Background: Adolescence is a sensitive phase of human development where individuals, aged 10-19 years, are particularly vulnerable to developing mental health problems (MHPs). South Asia, home to 24% of the world's population, is mostly comprised of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Most of the world's young people live in LMICs.

Gestational diabetes and mental health: longitudinal analysis of data from the GEMS randomized trial.

Purpose: There is limited high-quality evidence about perinatal mental health among women with gestational diabetes. We aimed to assess the risks and longitudinal changes in anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life comparing women with gestational diabetes and those without among a contemporary cohort of pregnant women.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of participants in the GEMS Trial.

Imaging features of the brachial plexus in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: A case report.

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is characterized by the compression of the brachial plexus in the thoracic outlet region, caused by various etiologies. We report a case with clinical symptoms and imaging findings from ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of NTOS due to an elongated C7 transverse process and a fibrous band of the middle scalene muscle, which was confirmed in decompression surgery.

Association between the Sp1-binding-site polymorphism in the collagen type I alpha 1 (COLIA1) gene and bone phenotypes: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study.

Introduction: Polymorphisms within the collagen 1 alpha 1 gene (COLIA1) have been shown to be associated with bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that COLIA1 polymorphisms are associated with bone loss and fragility fractures.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 809 postmenopausal women aged 60 years and above in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study who had COLIA1 genotypes and at least two BMD measurements over a 30-year period.

Association between dietary factors and breast cancer risk: a matched case-control study in Vietnam.

Background: The role of diet in breast cancer prevention is controversial and limited in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate the association between different dietary factors and breast cancer risk in Vietnamese women.

Methods: Three hundred seventy newly histologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 370 controls matched by 5-year age from September 2019 to March 2020 in Ho Chi Minh City were recorded dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

A randomised controlled phase II trial to examine the feasibility of using hyper-oxygenated fatty acids (HOFA) to prevent facial pressure injuries from medical devices among adults admitted to intensive care-A research protocol.

One in three patients admitted to intensive care will sustain a pressure injury (PI) from a medical device. These injuries are painful and when on the face, head or neck they can result in permanent disfigurement. Preliminary evidence of the efficacy of hyper-oxygenated fatty acids (HOFAs) to prevent facial pressure injuries from medical devices is promising; however, the feasibility of incorporating HOFAs into current standard care to prevent PI from a medical device of the face, head and neck has not been extensively explored.

Fracture risk assessment in the presence of competing risk of death.

Purpose: To identify the optimal statistical approach for predicting the risk of fragility fractures in the presence of competing event of death.

Methods: We used real-world data from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study that has monitored 3035 elderly participants for bone health and mortality. Fragility fractures were ascertained radiologically.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing psychosocial digital health interventions for older adults presenting to emergency departments: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Older adults can face challenges when seeking care from emergency departments (EDs) due to presenting with multiple comorbidities and non-specific symptoms. Psychosocial care is a possible target to help improve ED care for this population. It is possible that digital health technologies can be implemented within emergency settings to improve the provision of psychosocial care.

Multimorbidity clusters potentially superior to individual diseases for stratifying fracture risk in older people: a nationwide cohort study.

Rationale: Comorbidities are common in fracture patients, but the interaction between fracture and comorbidities remains unclear. This study aimed to define specific multimorbidity clusters in older adults and quantify the association between the multimorbidity clusters and fracture risk.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study includes 1.

Development of a shape-based algorithm for identification of asymptomatic vertebral compression fractures: A proof-of-principle study.

Objectives: Vertebral fracture is both common and serious among adults, yet it often goes undiagnosed. This study aimed to develop a shape-based algorithm (SBA) for the automatic identification of vertebral fractures.

Methods: The study included 144 participants (50 individuals with a fracture and 94 without a fracture) whose plain thoracolumbar spine X-rays were taken.

Mental and social wellbeing trajectory during the pandemic for vulnerable populations.

Objectives: We investigated changes over time in mental and social wellbeing indicators for vulnerable population subgroups during the pandemic. These groups were younger people, people with disabilities, low-income groups, unemployed, culturally, and linguistically diverse communities (CaLD), and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Methods: A series of four repeated population representative surveys were conducted in June 2020, September 2020, January 2022, and June 2022.

Association between Fat Mass and Obesity-Related Transcript Polymorphisms and Osteoporosis Phenotypes.

Background: Common variants in the fat mass and obesity-related transcript (FTO) gene are related to body mass index and obesity, suggesting its potential association with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. This study sought to define the association between FTO gene variants and the following phenotypes: (1) BMD; (2) bone loss; and (3) fracture risk.

Methods: This analysis was based on the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study that included 1,277 postmenopausal women aged ≥60 years living in Dubbo, Australia.

Impact of a private sector residential early parenting program on clinically significant postnatal depressive symptoms experienced by women: Audit of routinely collected data.

Introduction: Early parenting services in Australia offer brief structured residential programs to address moderate to severe non-psychotic mental health problems among women and unsettled infant/toddler behaviours. The aims were to (1) estimate the immediate and medium-term impact of a five-night psychoeducational residential early parenting program on postpartum depressive symptoms and (2) identify the factors associated with improvement or worsening of postpartum depressive symptoms after completing the program and six weeks post-discharge.

Methods: Audit of routinely collected medical record data from pre-admission, pre-discharge and post-discharge assessments of a consecutive cohort of women admitted, with their infants/toddlers in a 15-month period to Masada Private Hospital Early Parenting Centre.

Symptoms of depression and risk of emergency department visits among people aged 70 years and over.

Background: Older people experiencing depression and anxiety have higher rates of health service utilisation than others, but little is known about whether these influence their seeking of emergency care. The aim was to examine the associations between symptoms of depression and the use of emergency health care, in an Australian context, among a population of people aged 70 years and over initially free of cardiovascular disease, dementia or major physical disability.

Methods: We undertook secondary analyses of data from a large cohort of community-dwelling Australians aged [Formula: see text]70 years.

Machine learning to detect the SINEs of cancer.

We previously described an approach called RealSeqS to evaluate aneuploidy in plasma cell-free DNA through the amplification of ~350,000 repeated elements with a single primer. We hypothesized that an unbiased evaluation of the large amount of sequencing data obtained with RealSeqS might reveal other differences between plasma samples from patients with and without cancer. This hypothesis was tested through the development of a machine learning approach called Alu Profile Learning Using Sequencing (A-PLUS) and its application to 7615 samples from 5178 individuals, 2073 with solid cancer and the remainder without cancer.

Patient Self-Assessment of Walking Ability and Fracture Risk in Older Australian Adults.

Importance: The relationship between self-reported walking limitation, a proxy of muscle function, and fracture risk has not been investigated.

Objective: To examine the association between a self-reported walking limitation of 1000 m or less and 5-year risk of fracture.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study compared individuals with various degrees of walking ability limitation at 1000 m (a little limitation and a lot of limitation) and those without limitation (no limitation) accounting for age, falls, prior fractures, and weight.

Effects of a residential psychoeducational parenting program on maternal anxiety and fatigue symptoms.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of a 5-day residential psychoeducational program on maternal anxiety and fatigue symptoms among women admitted with their unsettled infants and determine the psychological, social and demographic characteristics which are associated with the effect sizes.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of routinely collected data from mothers with children aged up to 24 months who were admitted to and completed the residential early parenting psychoeducational program at Masada Private Hospital Early Parenting Centre in Melbourne. Maternal anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Three-item Anxiety subscale and maternal fatigue symptoms were the Modified Fatigue Assessment Scale at preadmission, predischarge and follow-up 6-weeks post discharge.

Prevalence, incidence of and risk factors for vertebral fracture in the community: the Vietnam Osteoporosis Study.

The epidemiology of vertebral fractures (VF) in underrepresented populations is not well-documented. This cohort study was part of a longitudinal osteoporosis research project with the aim of determining the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for VF. 401 individuals (155 men) aged 50 years and older without a clinical diagnosis of VF were took radiographs at baseline and 2 years later.