Nevus of Hori in African patients: an entity that is most likely underdiagnosed in clinical practice.

Background: Nevus of Hori (HN) has been primarily reported in patients of Eastern Asian descent, with a paucity of data regarding HN occurring in African patients. In this study, we report on South African patients with HN initially thought to have melasma.

Objective: To characterize the histopathological and clinical phenotypes of HN in African patients.

Treatment Outcomes for Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra Using Low-Intensity Electrodesiccation Device in African Patients.

Objective: We aimed to document the treatment outcomes of African patients treated with low-intensity electrodesiccation for DPN's. Other treatment options for DPN's include snip excision, light curettage, cryotherapy, and lasers devices such as PDL, Nd: YAG, KTP, and CO2, which are generally unsafe for darker skin types and come with high costs.

Methods: Nonprobability convenience sampling of patient records was used to extract retrospective data on demographics and treatment outcomes according to the inclusion criteria.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics of lamivudine in end-stage kidney failure persons with detectable and undetectable HIV-1 RNA in peritoneal dialysis effluent.

Background: Renally adjusted lamivudine dosages are effective. However, some of the kidney failure patients managed with lamivudine-containing regimens are failing to suppress HIV in peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) effluent. The steady-state lamivudine pharmacokinetics among these patients was evaluated.

The prevalence of HIV resistance mutations and their influence on the shedding of HIV-1 into peritoneal dialysis effluent.

HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRMs) are important determinants of therapeutic effects and outcomes even in end-stage kidney failure (ESKF) people living with HIV (PLWHIV). This study evaluated the prevalence of HIVDRMs and their effect on the shedding of HIV-1 into peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluents. This cross-sectional study of PLWHIV and having ESKF and managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and PD, collected enrolled patients' demographic information, clinical and laboratory data, and sequenced HIV-1 RNA in unsuppressed plasma and PD effluent samples.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients in Africa is 22.0%.

Characteristics and Challenges of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Africa: A Review of the Literature.

Backgrounds: Africa comprises 54 countries with varying degrees of economic development. As with other healthcare systems, rare diseases such as adrenal insufficiency are neglected and poorly documented.

Objectives: We wished to explore primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in Africa, its prevalence, aetiology, genetics, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment and to determine the unmet needs in clinical care, education, and research.

Dyslipidaemia pattern and prevalence among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on lipid-lowering therapy at a tertiary hospital in central South Africa.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. A large number of deaths due to ASCVD occurs among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the important modifiable risk factors associated with ASCVD is dyslipidaemia and its prevalence is not known in central South Africa (SA).

Tiered healthcare in South Africa exposes deficiencies in management and more patients with infectious etiology of primary adrenal insufficiency.

Objective: We wished to determine the prevalence, etiology, presentation, and available management strategies for primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in South Africa (SA), hypothesizing a prevalence greater than the described 3.1 per million. There is great inequity in healthcare allocation, as two parallel healthcare systems exist, potentially modifying PAI patients' clinical profiles, private being better resourced than public healthcare.

Significant barriers to diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency in Africa.

Background: The burden and management of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in Africa have not been well documented. We aimed to identify specific disease characteristics, patient demographics, and patterns of clinical management in established PAI in Africa.

Methods: An online survey of physicians' experience relating to PAI.

Serum albumin and mortality in patients with HIV and end-stage renal failure on peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an easily implementable dialysis modality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PD may improve access to renal replacement therapy in low- and middle-income countries; however, these countries have a higher prevalence of protein-energy wasting in patients and poorer socioeconomic conditions. We evaluated the effects of HIV infection on serum albumin levels in ESRD patients starting continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and mortality outcomes.