The plausibility of claimed induced seismicity.

Claims of industrially induced seismicity vary from indisputable to unpersuasive and yet the veracity of industrial induction is vital for regulatory and operational practice. Assessment schemes have been developed in response to this need. We report here an initial assessment of the reliability of all globally known cases of proposed human-induced earthquakes and invite specialists on particular cases to refine these results.

The role of Perifoveal Arteriolar Tortuosity in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) images as an early indicator of hypertensive retinopathy.

Purpose: To assess the value of increased perifoveal retinal vascular tortuosity in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images as a biomarker of early hypertensive retinopathy and compare its clinical sensitivity and accuracy with traditional morphological changes used for Scheie classification.

Methods: OCTA images of 81 eyes (40 eyes from 20 hypertensive subjects and 41 eyes from 21 control subjects) were obtained retrospectively. Hypertensive retinopathy changes in randomized eyes were graded according to the Scheie classification, and perifoveal vessels were traced in a masked fashion.

Vitreopapillary Findings in Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy versus Healthy Eyes: A Clinical and OCT Comparison.

Purpose: To study the vitreopapillary interface in nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) for features that may predispose to optic nerve perfusion defects.

Design: Case-control study.

Participants And Controls: Patients with NAION (study group) were compared with healthy non-NAION patients with crowded discs (control group I) and noncrowded optic discs (control group II).

Colorimetric Analyses of the Optic Nerve Head and Retina Indicate Increased Blood Flow After Vitrectomy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of vitrectomy and posterior hyaloid (PH) peeling on color alteration of optic nerve head (ONH) and retina as a surrogate biomarker of induced perfusion changes.

Methods: Masked morphometric and colorimetric analyses were conducted on preoperative (<1 month) and postoperative (<18 months) color fundus photographs of 54 patients undergoing vitrectomy, either with (44) or without (10) PH peeling and 31 years of age and gender-matched control eyes. Images were calibrated according to the hue and saturation values of the parapapillary venous blood column.

Retinal Hydration Assessment With Optical Coherence Tomography: Unraveling Its Significance in Retinal Fluid Dynamics, Macular Edema and Cell Viability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify retinal hydration (RH) levels with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and determine the extent of cellular damage resulting from intraretinal fluid alterations.

Methods: We took 6.0 mm sections of the human sensory retina that were excised from 18 fresh (<24 hours) donor eyes.

Anatomical and functional correlates of cystic macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa.

Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a major cause of central visual deterioration in retinitis pigmentosa. The exact reason for CME and its prognostic significance in this patient population is unknown. We seek to find clues to answer these questions by examining the anatomical correlations between retinal cysts and retinal morphometric parameters in a cohort of patients with retinitis pigmentosa and CME.

An assessment of prevalence of Type 1 CFI rare variants in European AMD, and why lack of broader genetic data hinders development of new treatments and healthcare access.

Purpose: Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AAMD) risk is associated with rare complement Factor I (FI) genetic variants associated with low FI protein levels (termed 'Type 1'), but it is unclear how variant prevalences differ between AMD patients from different ethnicities.

Methods: Collective prevalence of Type 1 CFI rare variant genotypes were examined in four European AAMD datasets. Collective minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were sourced from the natural history study SCOPE, the UK Biobank, the International AMD Genomics Consortium (IAMDGC), and the Finnish Biobank Cooperative (FINBB), and compared to paired control MAFs or background population prevalence rates from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD).

Retinal cell transplantation in retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common hereditary retinal disease. Dietary supplements, neuroprotective agents, cytokines, and lately, prosthetic devices, gene therapy, and optogenetics have been employed to slow down the retinal degeneration or improve light perception. Completing retinal circuitry by transplanting photoreceptors has always been an appealing idea in retinitis pigmentosa.

Patient Concerns Regarding Suspended Ophthalmic Care Due to COVID-19.

Purpose: The temporary cessation and profound changes in ophthalmic care delivery that occurred as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have yet to be fully understood. Our objective is to assess patients' self-reported impact of health care lockdown measures on their fears and anxieties during the crisis period of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.

Methods: We conducted a digital, self-reported, patient care survey distributed by an e-mail at Columbia University's Department of Ophthalmology outpatient faculty practice.

Early localized alterations of the retinal inner plexiform layer in association with visual field worsening in glaucoma patients.

Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve and a leading cause of irreversible blindness, worldwide. While the experimental research using animal models provides growing information about cellular and molecular processes, parallel analysis of the clinical presentation of glaucoma accelerates the translational progress towards improved understanding, treatment, and clinical testing of glaucoma. Optic nerve axon injury triggers early alterations of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) synapses with function deficits prior to manifest RGC loss in animal models of glaucoma.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Analyzed by Multimodal Imaging.

Purpose: We correlated quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) with other fundus features in patients exhibiting central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Short wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF, 488 nm excitation) was measured by qAF. Using nonnormalized images qAF values were calculated within eight concentric segments (qAF) located at an eccentricity of 7° to 9°.

Choroidal vascularity index and choriocapillary changes in retinal vein occlusions.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the choroidal structure in the setting of retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Changes in the structure of the choroid were studied in sixty-four eyes with unilateral central or branch RVO using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with enhanced depth imaging and OCT-angiography (OCT-A). Choroidal vascularity index (CVI), Haller layer/choroidal thickness (H/C) ratio, and choriocapillaris flow density were used to compare the structural characteristics of the choroid with fellow eyes and the eyes of thirty-four age-, gender-, and systemic co-morbidity-matched controls.

Relief of Cystoid Macular Edema-Induced Focal Axonal Compression with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the mechanical compression of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) by intraretinal cysts in macular edema and its relief with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.

Methods: Optical coherence tomography scans were used to measure RNFL thickness and reflectance at seven preselected points at and around the peak of the edema before and after anti-VEGF treatment in 10 patients (11 eyes) with branch retina vein occlusion (BRVO) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Scans through nonedematous retina and from the fellow eyes were taken as controls.

Culturing of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells on an Ex Vivo Model of Aged Human Bruch's Membrane.

Aside from vitamins and antioxidants recommended by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, there is no effective therapy for "dry," or atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which represents 90% of the cases. Therapies are needed to slow or retard the development of geographic atrophy (GA), and understanding Bruch's membrane pathology is part of this process. Alterations in human Bruch's membrane precede the progression of AMD by contributing to the damage of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.

Use of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Secondary Glaucoma Caused by Metastatic Iris Tumor.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to report the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab to resolve secondary angle-closure glaucoma caused by biliary tract carcinoma metastasis to the iris.

Materials And Methods: A 52-year-old white woman who was under systemic chemotherapy for biliary tract carcinoma presented with a metastatic tumor in the left iris. At presentation, her visual acuity was at the 20/50 level.

MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC BREAST CARCINOMA OF IRIS WITH INTRAOCULAR BEVACIZUMAB INJECTIONS.

Purpose: To describe intraocular use of bevacizumab for a metastatic breast carcinoma of the iris resistant to advanced systemic chemotherapy protocols, for which conventional treatment would be local radiotherapy or brachytherapy.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 65-year-old woman, who was previously diagnosed with breast carcinoma and treated with radical mastectomy coupled with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, presented with an iris mass in her left eye.

PATTERNS OF FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE DEFECTS IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION SUBTYPES.

Purpose: To test define characteristic fundus autofluorescence patterns of different exudative age-related macular degeneration subtypes.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. Fifty-two patients with choroidal neovascularization because of three different neovascular age-related macular degeneration subtypes were included in the study.

Metastatic disease from uveal melanoma: treatment options and future prospects.

Uveal melanoma represents ∼85% of all ocular melanomas and up to 50% of patients develop metastatic disease. Metastases are most frequently localised to the liver and, as few patients are candidates for potentially curative surgery, this is associated with a poor prognosis. There is currently little published evidence for the optimal management and treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma and the lack of effective therapies in this setting has led to the widespread use of systemic treatments for patients with cutaneous melanoma.

Reengineering Human Bruch's Membrane Increases Rod Outer Segment Phagocytosis by Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

Purpose: We have shown previously that Bruch's membrane (BM) aging decreases retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis. Herein, we determine the effects of BM reengineering on RPE phagocytosis.

Methods: BM explants were dissected from young and old donor eyes.