Using biomarkers in patients with positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: 4Kscore predicts the presence of cancer outside the index lesion.

Objectives: To evaluate if the blood biomarker, 4Kscore, in addition to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging information could identify patients who would benefit from undergoing only a targeted biopsy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a population of 256 men with positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging who underwent standard + targeted biopsy at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA. 4Kscore (OPKO Health, Miami, FL, USA) was sampled from all patients before biopsy.

Combined Use of Prostate-specific Antigen Density and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Biopsy Decision Planning: A Retrospective Multi-institutional Study Using the Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcome Database (PROMOD).

Background: Previous studies suggested that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAd) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may help avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy (PB) with a limited risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa; Gleason grade group [GGG] >1).

Objective: To define optimal diagnostic strategies based on the combined use of PSAd and MRI in patients at risk of prostate cancer (PCa).

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective analysis of the international multicenter Prostate MRI Outcome Database (PROMOD), including 2512 men having undergone PSAd and prostate MRI before PB between 2013 and 2019, was performed.

Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: current state and future perspectives.

Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (PCa) remains an incurable entity. In the era of immunotherapy, the complex PCa microenvironment poses a unique challenge to the successful application of this class of agents. However, in the last decade, a tremendous effort has been made to explore this field of therapeutics.

Autophagic protein ULK1 regulates FOXM1 signalling in human hepatoma cells.

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, a limited choice of anti-cancer drugs is available for treatment, owing to their minimal efficacy and development of acquired resistance. Autophagy, a cellular survival pathway, often exhibits a pleiotropic role in HCC progression.

Expanding Active Surveillance Inclusion Criteria: A Novel Nomogram Including Preoperative Clinical Parameters and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.

Background: Current European Association of Urology, American Urological Association, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend active surveillance (AS) for selected intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, limited evidence exists regarding which men can be selected safely.

Objective: To externally validate the Gandaglia risk calculator (Gandaglia-RC), designed to predict adverse pathology (AP) at radical prostatectomy (RP) and thus able to improve selection of intermediate-risk PCa patients suitable for AS, and to assess whether addition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (MAP model) improves the predictive ability of Gandaglia-RC.

A Decision Aide for the Risk Stratification of GU Cancer Patients at Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19 Related Hospitalization, Intubation, and Mortality.

Treatment decisions for both early and advanced genitourinary (GU) malignancies take into account the risk of dying from the malignancy as well as the risk of death due to other causes such as other co-morbidities. COVID-19 is a new additional and immediate risk to a patient's morbidity and mortality and there is a need for an accurate assessment as to the potential impact on of this syndrome on GU cancer patients. The aim of this work was to develop a risk tool to identify GU cancer patients at risk of diagnosis, hospitalization, intubation, and mortality from COVID-19.

The Resilient Child: Sex-Steroid Hormones and COVID-19 Incidence in Pediatric Patients.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has become an unprecedented global health emergency, with fatal outcomes among adults of all ages in the United States, and the highest incidence and mortality in adult men. As the pandemic evolves there is limited understanding of a potential association between symptomatic viral infection and age. To date, there is no knowledge of the role children (prepubescent, ages 9-13 years) play as "silent" vectors of the virus, with themselves being asymptomatic.

Integrated Analysis of Germ Cell Tumors.

Somatic analysis of the molecular features of human tumors through numerous efforts including The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium has led to unprecedented insight into the biological basis of cancer behavior. Numerous genomewide sequencing techniques have been utilized in these studies to understand DNA mutations, epigenomic alterations, and ultimately differences in protein expression profiles across various cancers. Due to the dropping costs of next-generation sequencing as well as growing power and ease of use of computational resources, researchers are able to apply these techniques to more specific cancer contexts and/or rarer tumor types.

Added value of systematic biopsy in men with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer undergoing biparametric MRI-targeted biopsy: multi-institutional external validation study.

Purpose: We aimed to develop and externally validate a nomogram based on MRI volumetric parameters and clinical information for deciding when SBx should be performed in addition to TBx in man with suspicious prostate MRI.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analyses of single (IMPROD, NCT01864135) and multi-institution (MULTI-IMPROD, NCT02241122) clinical trials. All men underwent a unique rapid biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (IMPROD bpMRI) consisting of T2-weighted imaging and three separate DWI acquisitions.

Prostate Cancer in a Patient with Giant Prostatic Hyperplasia: The Robotic Approach to a Difficult Problem.

The robotic approach toward radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer has only recently become widespread. Two of the advantages of the robotic approach have been described to be the optical magnification afforded by camera and the ability to reach deep into the pelvis. These advantages are particularly salient in cases where the pelvis is particularly narrow or the prostate is particularly large.

miR760 regulates ATXN1 levels via interaction with its 5' untranslated region.

Identifying modifiers of dosage-sensitive genes involved in neurodegenerative disorders is imperative to discover novel genetic risk factors and potential therapeutic entry points. In this study, we focus on Ataxin-1 (), a dosage-sensitive gene involved in the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). While the precise maintenance of ATXN1 levels is essential to prevent disease, the mechanisms that regulate expression remain largely unknown.

Contemporary Techniques of Prostate Dissection for Robot-assisted Prostatectomy.

Background: Over the years, several techniques for performing robot-assisted prostatectomy have been implemented in an effort to achieve optimal oncological and functional outcomes.

Objective: To provide an evidence-based description and video-based illustration of currently available dissection techniques for robotic prostatectomy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A literature search was performed to retrieve articles describing different surgical approaches and techniques for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and to analyze data supporting their use.

Re-establishing the Role of Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy After the 2020 EAU Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer Guideline Panel Recommendations.

The EAU guidelines panel on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MIBC) recently recommended open radical cystectomy (ORC) as the best surgical approach for MIBC patients. We critically re-examine the indications for considering ORC as the first choice over robot-assisted radical cystectomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is not supported by trials or meta-analyses.

Pseudouridine as a novel biomarker in prostate cancer.

Epitranscriptomic analysis has recently led to the profiling of modified nucleosides in cancer cell biological matrices, helping to elucidate their functional roles in cancer and reigniting interest in exploring their use as potential markers of cancer development and progression. Pseudouridine, one of the most well-known and the most abundant of the RNA nucleotide modifications, is the C5-glycoside isomer of uridine and its distinctive physiochemical properties allows it to perform many essential functions. Pseudouridine functionally (a) confers rigidity to local RNA structure by enhancing RNA stacking, engaging in a cooperative effect on neighboring nucleosides that overall contributes to RNA stabilization (b) refines the structure of tRNAs, which influences their decoding activity (c) facilitates the accuracy of decoding and proofreading during translation and efficiency of peptide bond formation, thus collectively improving the fidelity of protein biosynthesis and (e) dynamically regulates mRNA coding and translation.

Urologic oncology practice during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review on what can be deferrable vs. nondeferrable.

Purpose: To provide a review of high-risk urologic cancers and the feasibility of delaying surgery without impacting oncologic or mortality outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A thorough literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles pertaining to surgical delay and genitourinary oncology. We reviewed all relevant articles pertaining to kidney, upper tract urothelial cell, bladder, prostate, penile, and testicular cancer in regard to diagnostic, surgical, or treatment delay.

Sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the potential link to prostate cancer.

The recent outbreak of infections and the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 represent one of the most severe threats to human health in more than a century. Emerging data from the United States and elsewhere suggest that the disease is more severe in men. Knowledge gained, and lessons learned, from studies of the biological interactions and molecular links that may explain the reasons for the greater severity of disease in men, and specifically in the age group at risk for prostate cancer, will lead to better management of COVID-19 in prostate cancer patients.

Intravenous dexmedetomidine sedation for magnetoencephalography: A retrospective study.

Background: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) plays a preponderant role in the preoperative assessment of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, the magnetoencephalography of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy can be difficult without sedation and/or general anesthesia. Our objective is to describe our experience with intravenous dexmedetomidine as sedation for magnetoencephalography and its effect, if any, on the ability to recognize epileptic spikes.

Anatomical robotic prostatectomy: technical factors to achieve superb continence and erectile function.

Debate continues as to the superiority of robotic versus open radical prostatectomy for the surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer. Despite this controversy, retrospective data from high volume centres has demonstrated RARP is associated with improved pentafecta outcomes with lower transfusion rates, less incontinence, lower positive surgical margins and improved potency. Advocates of robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) believe an enhanced visual field, the precision afforded by robotic technology as well as lack of bleeding, sharp dissection and delicate tissue handling lead to improved outcomes.

Comparative Evaluation of Hypotensive and Normotensive Anesthesia on LeFort I Osteotomies: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Prospective Clinical Study.

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery can account for a considerable amount of blood loss since the vascularization of maxillofacial region is such that major bleeding can occur. Intra-bony bleed is often involved as a major aspect of blood loss associated with osteotomies, especially LeFort I osteotomy when performed during orthognathic surgery. This study evolved as a result of the increasing concern to attain a clear surgical field and reduce the duration of surgical procedure and the amount of blood loss associated with orthognathic surgery with the use of controlled hypotension.

Fluoride Concentration in Saliva following Professional Topical Application of 2% Sodium Fluoride Solution.

Background: Topical fluoride application in moderate and high-risk individuals and in those living in low-fluoride communities has been a common practice by dental professionals.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess fluoride concentration available in saliva after a professional 2% sodium fluoride solution application (9000 ppm), and the duration of its availability to have an evidence-based practice for application.

Materials And Methods: Two percent sodium fluoride application was carried out in 45 participants residing in a boarding school.

Urine Extracellular Vesicle GATA2 mRNA Discriminates Biopsy Result in Men with Suspicion of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Prostate specific antigen has limited performance in detecting prostate cancer. The transcription factor GATA2 is expressed in aggressive prostate cancer. We analyzed the predictive value of urine extracellular vesicle GATA2 mRNA alone and in combination with a multigene panel to improve detection of prostate cancer and high risk disease.