Comparison of the Effect of Lidocaine versus a Lidocaine-Bupivacaine Combination in a Periprostatic Nerve Block Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: To determine whether a combination of the long acting local anesthetic, bupivacaine, and lidocaine is better than lidocaine alone in the long-term pain control, which is a short-acting anesthetic.

Materials And Methods: In group 1, periprostatic nerve block was applied to both neurovascular areas with 2% lidocaine (5 ml) in an isotonic solution (5 ml). In group 2, the combination of 2% lidocaine (5 ml) and 5mg/ml bupivacaine (5 ml) was used for the PPNB.

Posterior Urethral Polyp: First Holmium-YAG Laser Ablation on a 3-Month-Old Infant.

Background: Urethral polyps are rare benign pathologies seen in the male posterior urethra, more frequently originating from verumontanum. In this article, we aimed to discuss diagnosis and treatment of a urethral polyp causing hematuria and urinary infection in a 3-month-old male infant. This is the first case in the literature in which a urethral polyp is treated with Holmium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser.

Rigid Ureteroscope Aided Insertion of Ureteral Access Sheath in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of the ureteral access sheath (UAS) placement techniques in patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Materials And Methods: The patients were divided into two groups with respect to placement method of UAS. UAS was placed with the classical method, through the guidewire, in the first group of the patients (group I).

The Relationship Between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene (NOS3) Polymorphisms, NOS3 Expression, and Varicocele.

Background: Varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum. Varicocele is the most common cause of secondary male infertility. Nitric oxide (NO), which has a role on varicocele pathophysiology, is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3).

The Effects of RAAS Inhibition in Rate Limiting Step by Aliskiren on Testicular Torsion Injury in Rats.

Purpose: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency. Failure of timely intervention for this issue leads the testicles to go into necrosis. If left untreated, it can lead to loss of the reproductive organs.

Renoprotective effect of aliskiren on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: electron microscopy and molecular study.

Purpose: To determine the protective effect of aliskiren on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat renal (I/R) model.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham control group; sham control with aliskiren pretreatment; I/R group and I/R with two doses of aliskiren pretreatment. Rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion.

Holmium laser lithotripsy with semi-rigid ureteroscopy: a first-choice treatment for impacted ureteral stones in children?

Background: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of semi-rigid ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of impacted ureteral stones in children.

Material/methods: We evaluated a total of 32 children under the age of 18 years treated with ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for impacted ureteral stones between January 2005 and July 2013. Their stone-free state was defined as the absence of any residual stone on radiologic evaluation performed 4 weeks postoperatively.

Flexible ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stone within pelvic ectopic kidney.

Objective: To present the outcomes of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) and laser lithotripsy for the treatment of calculi within pelvic ectopic kidney (PEK).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with calculi in PEK treated with F-URS in 5 referral hospitals between 2010 and 2013. Patient demographics and stone characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, stone size, location, history of shock wave lithotripsy or kidney surgery), and perioperative measures (duration of operation, fluoroscopic imaging, and hospitalization and success and complication rates) were reviewed.

Micropercutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Management of Bilateral Renal Stones in a 7-Month-Old Infant: The Youngest Case in the Literature.

During infancy, the renal parenchyma and pelvicalyceal system are relatively fragile. Therefore, percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the management of renal stones in this age group is a challenging procedure for urologists. Herein, we present the uneventful management of bilateral renal stones using micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy (microperc) administered to a 7-month-old infant with recurrent urinary tract infections.

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy under sedoanalgesia for treatment of kidney stones in infants: a single-center experience with 102 cases.

Object: We present the efficacy of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) therapy administered with sedoanalgesia in infants with kidney stones.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 102 patients aged 5-24 months who had kidney stones and received SWL therapy under sedoanalgesia using a Siemens Lithostar Modularis device. Patient and stone characteristics, therapy parameters, pain score, complications, discharge time, and follow-ups were registered and evaluated.

Primary vesical actinomycosis in a 23-year-old man.

Introduction. Actinomycosis can affect any organ of the body, although cutaneous fistulas are common in actinomycotic infections, and other organs such as the bladder are only rarely involved. Case Presentation.

Giant isolated renal cyst hydatid: From diagnosis to treatment.

Hydatid cyst disease is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Renal involvement is rarely seen as 2-4% of all cases. Rarely renal involvement is isolated whereas commonly it accompanies involvement of other organs.

Ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy: is this procedure safe in pregnant women with ureteral stones at different locations?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of ureteroscopy and Holmium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral stones with different localizations in symptomatic pregnant women.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 19 pregnant patients referred to our center between January 2005 and December 2012 with symptomatic hydronephrosis requiring surgical intervention. 7.

Minipercutaneous nephrolithotomy in infants: a single-center experience in an endemic region in Turkey.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) method in infantile patients <3 years of age diagnosed with renal stones. We studied 48 renal units in 40 patients of infantile patients <3 years of age who underwent mini-PCNL at our institute. The mean age of the patients was 24.

Endoscopic guided additional access for staghorn calculi.

Background And Purpose: Flexible nephroscopy is an important technique in the management of staghorn renal calculi to reach peripheral calices. In this study, we present our experience with flexible nephroscopy and fluoroscopy-guided additional access creation for staghorn renal calculi.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with staghorn renal calculi who were treated with multiple percutaneous renal tracts created with the guidance of flexible nephroscopy and fluoroscopy.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of radiolucent renal stones in children: is it different opaque stone treatment?

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), stone-free rates, and related complications in children with radiolucent renal stones. A total of 56 patients aged <16 years from four institutions were enrolled in our study. Asymptomatic, clinically insignificant residual fragments measuring <4 mm or a complete stone-free status was accepted as the criterion for clinical success.

A cause of renal dysfunction: a giant bladder stone.

Bladder stones are frequently seen in elderly men and account for 5% of all urinary stones. They develop secondary to infravesical obstructions, such as prostatic hyperplasia and neurogenic bladder. A 56-year-old patient with frequent and painful urination, dysuria, and minor complaints of suprapubic pain was referred to our clinic.

Are small residual stone fragments really insignificant in children?

Objectives: To assess the significance of asymptomatic residual stone fragments of less than 4mm (clinically insignificant residual fragments [CIRFs]) after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in children.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-five children were followed up for 6 to 50months (median 22). Outcomes measured were fragment re-growth, stone events (emergency department visits, hospitalization, or additional interventions) and spontaneous fragment passage.

Is urinary kidney injury molecule-1 a noninvasive marker for renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux?

Objective: To examine whether (1) levels of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a transmembrane protein and biomarker for renal tubular damage, increase in children with of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and (2) if KIM-1 predicts the grade of renal scarring in children with VUR.

Methods: The study included 59 VUR patients with renal scarring, 5 VUR patients without renal scarring and 25 healthy controls aged 1 to 17 years. Dimercaptosuccinic acid scans were performed for determination of scarring and graded by 3 independent, blinded pediatric urologists for renal scarring according to the Randomized Intervention for Children with VUR study criteria.

Comparison of retrograde intrarenal surgery, shockwave lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of medium-sized radiolucent renal stones.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for 10-20 mm radiolucent renal calculi by evaluating stone-free rates and associated complications.

Patients And Methods: A total of 437 patients at 7 institutions who underwent SWL (n = 251), PNL (n = 140), or RIRS (n = 46) were enrolled in our study. Clinical success was defined as stone-free status or asymptomatic insignificant residual fragments <3 mm.