Low-noise cryogenic microwave amplifier characterization with a calibrated noise source.

Parametric amplifiers have become a workhorse in superconducting quantum computing; however, research and development of these devices has been hampered by inconsistent and, sometimes, misleading noise performance characterization methodologies. The concepts behind noise characterization are deceptively simple, and there are many places where one can make mistakes, either in measurement or in interpretation and analysis. In this article, we cover the basics of noise performance characterization and the special problems it presents in parametric amplifiers with limited power handling capability.

Strategies for Traceability to Prevent Unauthorised GMOs (Including NGTs) in the EU: State of the Art and Possible Alternative Approaches.

The EU's regulatory framework for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) was developed for "classical" transgenic GMOs, yet advancements in so-called "new genomic techniques (NGTs)" have led to implementation challenges regarding detection and identification. As traceability can complement detection and identification strategies, improvements to the existing traceability strategy for GMOs are investigated in this study. Our results are based on a comprehensive analysis of existing traceability systems for globally traded agricultural products, with a focus on soy.

Nonlinear Sideband Cooling to a Cat State of Motion.

The ability to prepare a macroscopic mechanical resonator into a quantum superposition state is an outstanding goal of cavity optomechanics. Here, we propose a technique to generate cat states of motion using the intrinsic nonlinearity of a dispersive optomechanical interaction. By applying a bichromatic drive to an optomechanical cavity, our protocol enhances the inherent second-order processes of the system, inducing the requisite two-phonon dissipation.

Entanglement Thresholds of Doubly Parametric Quantum Transducers.

Doubly parametric quantum transducers, such as electro-optomechanical devices, show promise for providing the critical link between quantum information encoded in highly disparate frequencies such as in the optical and microwave domains. This technology would enable long-distance networking of superconducting quantum computers. Rapid experimental progress has resulted in impressive reductions in decoherence from mechanisms such as thermal noise, loss, and limited cooperativities.

Fampridine and Acetazolamide in EA2 and Related Familial EA: A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of the treatment with prolonged-release 4-aminopyridine (fampridine) and acetazolamide for patients with episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2), patients with EA2 were treated with a random sequence of fampridine, acetazolamide, and placebo in a 3-period crossover trial.

Methods: A total of 30 patients with EA2 (8 female; aged 20-71 years; 18 genetically confirmed, 4 with a positive family history, 8 with the clinical diagnosis) were enrolled in this phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-period crossover trial. Each period lasted 12 weeks with a 4-week washout period.

Direct observation of deterministic macroscopic entanglement.

Quantum entanglement of mechanical systems emerges when distinct objects move with such a high degree of correlation that they can no longer be described separately. Although quantum mechanics presumably applies to objects of all sizes, directly observing entanglement becomes challenging as masses increase, requiring measurement and control with a vanishingly small error. Here, using pulsed electromechanics, we deterministically entangle two mechanical drumheads with masses of 70 picograms.

Control and readout of a superconducting qubit using a photonic link.

Delivering on the revolutionary promise of a universal quantum computer will require processors with millions of quantum bits (qubits). In superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is individually addressed with microwave signal lines that connect room-temperature electronics to the cryogenic environment of the quantum circuit. The complexity and heat load associated with the multiple coaxial lines per qubit limits the maximum possible size of a processor to a few thousand qubits.

Efficient Qubit Measurement with a Nonreciprocal Microwave Amplifier.

The act of observing a quantum object fundamentally perturbs its state, resulting in a random walk toward an eigenstate of the measurement operator. Ideally, the measurement is responsible for all dephasing of the quantum state. In practice, imperfections in the measurement apparatus limit or corrupt the flow of information required for quantum feedback protocols, an effect quantified by the measurement efficiency.

Worldwide survey on laboratory testing of vestibular function.

Background: The function of the peripheral vestibular system can nowadays be quantified. The video head impulse test (vHIT) and caloric irrigation are used for the semicircular canals, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) for the sacculus, and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) for the utriculus. Because there is no agreement on normal and pathologic values, we performed a worldwide survey.

Ultrastrong Parametric Coupling between a Superconducting Cavity and a Mechanical Resonator.

We present a new optomechanical device where the motion of a micromechanical membrane couples to a microwave resonance of a three-dimensional superconducting cavity. With this architecture, we realize ultrastrong parametric coupling, where the coupling not only exceeds the dissipation in the system but also rivals the mechanical frequency itself. In this regime, the optomechanical interaction induces a frequency splitting between the hybridized normal modes that reaches 88% of the bare mechanical frequency, limited by the fundamental parametric instability.

Dual Defibrillation is Highly Variable: An Analysis of Pulse Interval Delivered in Dual Defibrillation.

Dual defibrillation (DD) is a technique where two external defibrillators are applied with two different pad configurations and discharged to treat refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF). Although commonly called dual sequential defibrillation (DSD), if the delivered electrical pulses overlap with no pulse interval, the shocks are actually dual simultaneous defibrillation (DSiD). Manual DD technique is not standardized and the effect that the method of activation has on the delivered pulse interval has never been studied.

Conjugate Eye Deviation in Unilateral Lateral Medullary Infarction.

Background And Purpose: The initial diagnosis of medullary infarction can be challenging since CT and even MRI results in the very acute phase are often negative.

Methods: A retrospective, observer-blinded study of horizontal conjugate eye deviation was performed in 1) 50 consecutive patients [age 58±15 years (mean±SD), 74% male, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 2±1] with acute unilateral lateral medullary infarction as seen in MRI (infarction group), 2) 54 patients with transient brainstem symptoms [transient ischemic attack of brainstem (TIA) group; age 69±16 years, 59% male], and 3) 53 patients (age 59±20 years, 49% male) with diagnoses other than stroke (control group).

Results: Conjugate eye deviation was found in all patients in the infarction group [=47 (94%) with ipsilesional deviation and =3 (6%) with contralesional deviation] compared to 41% (=22) in the brainstem TIA group and 15% (=8) in the control group (<0.

[Pharmacotherapy of Vestibular Disorders, Nystagmus and Cerebellar Disorders].

There are currently different groups of drugs for the pharmacotherapy of vertigo, nystagmus and cerebellar disorders: antiemetics; anti-inflammatories, antimenieres, and antimigraineous medications and antidepressants, anticonvulsants, aminopyridines as well as acetyl-DL-leucine. In acute unilateral vestibulopathy, corticosteroids improve the recovery of peripheral vestibular function, but currently there is not sufficient evidence for a general recommendation. There is insufficient evidence to support the view that 16 mg t.

Aminopyridines for the treatment of neurologic disorders.

Purpose Of Review: To identify the different indications for the treatment of neurologic disorders with the potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP).

Recent Findings: 4-AP is an effective symptomatic treatment for downbeat nystagmus (DBN), episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) (5-10 mg TID), and impaired gait in multiple sclerosis (MS) (10 mg BID). 3,4-DAP (5 mg/d-20 mg TID) improves symptoms in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) (randomized placebo-controlled trials for all 4 entities).

Nonreciprocal Microwave Signal Processing with a Field-Programmable Josephson Amplifier.

We report on the design and implementation of a field-programmable Josephson amplifier (FPJA)-a compact and lossless superconducting circuit that can be programmed by a set of microwave drives to perform reciprocal and nonreciprocal frequency conversion and amplification. In this work, we demonstrate four modes of operation: frequency conversion (transmission of -0.5 dB, reflection of -30 dB), circulation (transmission of -0.

Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light.

Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum produce measurable physical effects such as Casimir forces and the Lamb shift. They also impose an observable limit-known as the quantum backaction limit-on the lowest temperatures that can be reached using conventional laser cooling techniques. As laser cooling experiments continue to bring massive mechanical systems to unprecedentedly low temperatures, this seemingly fundamental limit is increasingly important in the laboratory.

Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation : Washington, DC, USA. 14-15 December 2015.

A1 Introduction to the 8 Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation: Optimizing Personal and Population Health David Chambers, Lisa Simpson D1 Discussion forum: Population health D&I research Felicia Hill-Briggs D2 Discussion forum: Global health D&I research Gila Neta, Cynthia Vinson D3 Discussion forum: Precision medicine and D&I research David Chambers S1 Predictors of community therapists’ use of therapy techniques in a large public mental health system Rinad Beidas, Steven Marcus, Gregory Aarons, Kimberly Hoagwood, Sonja Schoenwald, Arthur Evans, Matthew Hurford, Ronnie Rubin, Trevor Hadley, Frances Barg, Lucia Walsh, Danielle Adams, David Mandell S2 Implementing brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in primary care: Clinicians' experiences from the field Lindsey Martin, Joseph Mignogna, Juliette Mott, Natalie Hundt, Michael Kauth, Mark Kunik, Aanand Naik, Jeffrey Cully S3 Clinician competence: Natural variation, factors affecting, and effect on patient outcomes Alan McGuire, Dominique White, Tom Bartholomew, John McGrew, Lauren Luther, Angie Rollins, Michelle Salyers S4 Exploring the multifaceted nature of sustainability in community-based prevention: A mixed-method approach Brittany Cooper, Angie Funaiole S5 Theory informed behavioral health integration in primary care: Mixed methods evaluation of the implementation of routine depression and alcohol screening and assessment Julie Richards, Amy Lee, Gwen Lapham, Ryan Caldeiro, Paula Lozano, Tory Gildred, Carol Achtmeyer, Evette Ludman, Megan Addis, Larry Marx, Katharine Bradley S6 Enhancing the evidence for specialty mental health probation through a hybrid efficacy and implementation study Tonya VanDeinse, Amy Blank Wilson, Burgin Stacey, Byron Powell, Alicia Bunger, Gary Cuddeback S7 Personalizing evidence-based child mental health care within a fiscally mandated policy reform Miya Barnett, Nicole Stadnick, Lauren Brookman-Frazee, Anna Lau S8 Leveraging an existing resource for technical assistance: Community-based supervisors in public mental health Shannon Dorsey, Michael Pullmann S9 SBIRT implementation for adolescents in urban federally qualified health centers: Implementation outcomes Shannon Mitchell, Robert Schwartz, Arethusa Kirk, Kristi Dusek, Marla Oros, Colleen Hosler, Jan Gryczynski, Carolina Barbosa, Laura Dunlap, David Lounsbury, Kevin O'Grady, Barry Brown S10 PANEL: Tailoring Implementation Strategies to Context - Expert recommendations for tailoring strategies to context Laura Damschroder, Thomas Waltz, Byron Powell S11 PANEL: Tailoring Implementation Strategies to Context - Extreme facilitation: Helping challenged healthcare settings implement complex programs Mona Ritchie S12 PANEL: Tailoring Implementation Strategies to Context - Using menu-based choice tasks to obtain expert recommendations for implementing three high-priority practices in the VA Thomas Waltz S13 PANEL: The Use of Technology to Improve Efficient Monitoring of Implementation of Evidence-based Programs - Siri, rate my therapist: Using technology to automate fidelity ratings of motivational interviewing David Atkins, Zac E. Imel, Bo Xiao, Doğan Can, Panayiotis Georgiou, Shrikanth Narayanan S14 PANEL: The Use of Technology to Improve Efficient Monitoring of Implementation of Evidence-based Programs - Identifying indicators of implementation quality for computer-based ratings Cady Berkel, Carlos Gallo, Irwin Sandler, C. Hendricks Brown, Sharlene Wolchik, Anne Marie Mauricio S15 PANEL: The Use of Technology to Improve Efficient Monitoring of Implementation of Evidence-based Programs - Improving implementation of behavioral interventions by monitoring emotion in spoken speech Carlos Gallo, C.

Update on the pharmacotherapy of cerebellar and central vestibular disorders.

An overview of the current pharmacotherapy of central vestibular syndromes and the most common forms of central nystagmus as well as cerebellar disorders is given. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is recommended for the treatment of downbeat nystagmus, a frequent form of acquired persisting fixation nystagmus, and upbeat nystagmus. Animal studies showed that this non-selective blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels increases Purkinje cell excitability and normalizes the irregular firing rate, so that the inhibitory influence of the cerebellar cortex on vestibular and deep cerebellar nuclei is restored.

Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of a Nonclassical State of a Massive Object.

By coupling a macroscopic mechanical oscillator to two microwave cavities, we simultaneously prepare and monitor a nonclassical steady state of mechanical motion. In each cavity, correlated radiation pressure forces induced by two coherent drives engineer the coupling between the quadratures of light and motion. We, first, demonstrate the ability to perform a continuous quantum nondemolition measurement of a single mechanical quadrature at a rate that exceeds the mechanical decoherence rate, while avoiding measurement backaction by more than 13 dB.

Mechanically Mediated Microwave Frequency Conversion in the Quantum Regime.

We report the observation of efficient and low-noise frequency conversion between two microwave modes, mediated by the motion of a mechanical resonator subjected to radiation pressure. We achieve coherent conversion of more than 10^{12}  photons/s with a 95% efficiency and a 14 kHz bandwidth. With less than 10^{-1}  photons·s^{-1}·Hz^{-1} of added noise, this optomechanical frequency converter is suitable for quantum state transduction.

Overwhelming Thermomechanical Motion with Microwave Radiation Pressure Shot Noise.

We measure the fundamental noise processes associated with a continuous linear position measurement of a micromechanical membrane incorporated in a microwave cavity optomechanical circuit. We observe the trade-off between the two fundamental sources of noise that enforce the standard quantum limit: the measurement imprecision and radiation pressure backaction from photon shot noise. We demonstrate that the quantum backaction of the measurement can overwhelm the intrinsic thermal motion by 24 dB, entering a new regime for cavity optomechanical systems.

Real-time computer-based visual feedback improves visual acuity in downbeat nystagmus - a pilot study.

Background: Patients with downbeat nystagmus syndrome suffer from oscillopsia, which leads to an unstable visual perception and therefore impaired visual acuity. The aim of this study was to use real-time computer-based visual feedback to compensate for the destabilizing slow phase eye movements.

Methods: The patients were sitting in front of a computer screen with the head fixed on a chin rest.