[Acquired Bronchial Atresia due to Endobronchial Tuberculosis].

A 37-year-old woman was re-admitted to our hospital because the recurrence of endobronchial tuberclosis was suspected. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not detected by culture of sputum and gastric fluid, and computed tomography revealed a left superior segmental bronchus obstruction and pneumonia. Her pneumonia improved by administration of antibiotics, but the strong cough persisted.

[Pulmonary mycobacterium intracellulare infection complicated with pneumothorax and chronic empyema].

A 75-year-old woman who had been treated for pulmonary Mycobacterium intracellulare infection was admitted to a nearby hospital because of hemoptysis, right pneumothorax, and empyema. She had been treated by thoracic drainage and pleural lavage, but was reffered to our hospital because of refractory empyema. Her chest radiograph and chest computed tomography( CT) showed right chronic empyema of which pleural aspirate was smear positive for acid-fast bacilli and positive for the polymerase chain reaction method(PCR)-Mycobacterium intracellulare.

[Giant hemangioma of the rib].

We experienced a rare case of a 73-year-old woman with giant hemangioma of the left 8th rib. She had an abnormal shadow of left lower lung field in a health check and was referred to our hospital. Preoperative examination suggested malignant rib tumor because of tumor growth beyond the disrupted bony cortex.

[Mediastinal lymph node carcinoma of unknown primary site; report of a case].

We experienced a rare case of a 38-year-old man with mediastinal lymph node carcinoma of unknown primary site. He had an abnormal shadow of upper mediastinal mass in a health check, and he was referred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography( CT) showed only one swollen mediastinal lymph node, and positron emission tomography(PET) revealed an accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose in the nodule.

[Atypical thymic carcinoid with hypercalcemia].

We experienced a rare case of a 76-year-old man with an anterior mediastinal tumor diagnosed postoperatively as atypical thymic carcinoid with hypercalcemia. He was found to have a growing abnormal mediastinal shadow, and admitted. Chest computed tomography scan on admission revealed an anterior mediastinal mass of 4.

A decrease in lung cancer mortality following the introduction of low-dose chest CT screening in Hitachi, Japan.

Recent US clinical trial demonstrated that CT screening prevents lung cancer death among high risk individuals. However, it remains unclear whether wide implementation of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer can decrease mortality in the community. Among residents in Hitachi City (Japan), where nearly 40% of inhabitants aged 50-69 years were estimated to have participated in the screening at least once from 1998 through 2009, the trend of lung cancer mortality was described in relation to the timing of implementation of the CT screening.

[Two cases of long-term response treated by S-1 with concurrent radiotherapy followed by S-1 treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patients].

In a previous study, we reported a patient who responded to non-small cell lung cancer treatment with S-1 and concurrent radiotherapy over an extended period. This time, we report a long-term follow-up of the same case, and a new case which had a complete response to S-1 and concurrent radiotherapy. Case 1 is a 35-year-old woman with a pathological diagnosis of stage T2N2M0 lung adenocarcinoma.

[Chest wall lipoma mimicking a well differentiated liposarcoma; report of two cases].

We experienced 2 cases of chest wall lipoma mimicking a well differentiated liposarcoma. The 1st case was a 60-year-old female. She admitted to our hospital with abnormal shadow detected by chest X-ray.

[Pulmonary cryptococcosis preoperatively diagnosed as lung cancer].

A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with an abnormal shadow on chest radiography. Chest computed tomography( CT) showed a nodular shadow 1 cm in diameter with spiculation at S6a of the right inferior lobe. The patient was diagnosed as having a class V squamous cell carcinoma by bronchoscopic exfoliative cytology and was thus hospitalized for surgery.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung: surgical results as compared with squamous cell and adenocarcinoma cases.

Objectives: An adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the lung is a relatively rare tumor. In this multi-institutional cohort study, we tested the hypothesis that an ASC exhibits more aggressive clinical behavior as compared to adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SC).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a prospective database produced by the Japan National Hospital Organization Study Group for Lung Cancer over a 7-year period (operations from 1997 to 2003, follow-up data until March 2010).

[Surgical treatment of pulmonary mycobacteriosis for the past 10 years].

For the past 10 years (2000-2009), 50 patients of pulmonary mycobacteriosis underwent surgical treatment at Ibarakihigashi National Hospital. Three MDR-TB cases received lobectomy and one case of MDR-TB received intracavity aspiration and thoracoplasty. One bronchial tuberculosis received sleeve lobectomy.

[A case of complete response treated by S-1 with concurrent radiotherapy for a gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer patient].

A 35-year-old woman with a clinical diagnosis of stage T2N2M0 lung adenocarcinoma received 3 courses of preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel. The treatment response was no change. A left inferior lobectomy with mediastinal and hilar lymph-node dissection (ND2a) was performed.