Rapidly progressive brain atrophy in ventilated patients: a retrospective descriptive study.

The relationship between mechanical ventilation-induced brain volume changes and ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is not clear. We assessed brain volume change in ventilated patients and identified associations with changes in extremity muscle strength. Patients admitted to the ICU due to the need for ventilation, and who underwent at least two head CT scans during hospitalization, were included.

Intracranial aneurysm stiffness assessment using 4D Flow MRI.

Background: Although arterial stiffness is known as a biomarker for cardiovascular events and stroke, there is limited information in the literature regarding the stiffness of intracranial aneurysms. In this study, we aim to assess the stiffness of intracranial aneurysms using 4D Flow MRI.

Methods: A total of 27 aneurysms in 25 patients with internal carotid artery aneurysms were included in this study.

An Eulerian formulation for the computational modeling of phase-contrast MRI.

Purpose: Computational simulation of phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) is an attractive way to physically interpret properties and errors in MRI-reconstructed flow velocity fields. Recent studies have developed PC-MRI simulators that solve the Bloch equation, with the magnetization transport being modeled using a Lagrangian approach. Because this method expresses the magnetization as spatial distribution of particles, influences of particle densities and their spatial uniformities on numerical accuracy are well known.

Preoperative Risk Factor Analysis of Prolonged Retroperitoneoscopic Radical Nephrectomy.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the preoperative risk factors for prolonged operating time in retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy (RRN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients treated for RRN between January 2015 and December 2021. Clinical data, including radiological findings such as visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and posterior perirenal fat thickness (PFT) were collected.

New-onset schizophrenia in an adolescent after COVID-19.

Schizophrenia develops during adolescence. Maternal infections during the fetal period increase the incidence of schizophrenia in children, which suggests that the pathogenesis involves neuroinflammation. Here, we report a case of new-onset schizophrenia in a 16-year-old boy after COVID-19.

Prognostic significance of the harmonized maximum standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with resectable oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.

Objectives: To investigate the usefulness of harmonized F-FDG-PET/CT parameters for predicting the postoperative recurrence and prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 107 OTSCC patients who underwent surgical resection at four institutions in Japan in 2010-2016 and evaluated the harmonized PET parameters of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) for the primary tumor as the pSUVmax, pMTV, and pTLG. For lymph node metastasis, we used harmonized PET parameters of nodal-SUVmax, nodal-total MTV (tMTV), and nodal-total TLG (tTLG).

Prognostic role of preoperative fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography with an image-based harmonization technique: A multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: Despite the prognostic impacts of preoperative fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography examination, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography-based prognosis prediction has not been used clinically because of the disparity in data between institutions. By applying an image-based harmonized approach, we evaluated the prognostic roles of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography parameters in clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 495 patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer who underwent fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography examinations before pulmonary resection between 2013 and 2014 at 4 institutions.

Rapidly progressive cerebral atrophy following a posterior cranial fossa stroke: Assessment with semiautomatic CT volumetry.

Background: The effect of posterior cranial fossa stroke on changes in cerebral volume is not known. We assessed cerebral volume changes in patients with acute posterior fossa stroke using CT scans, and looked for risk factors for cerebral atrophy.

Methods: Patients with cerebellar or brainstem hemorrhage/infarction admitted to the ICU, and who underwent at least two subsequent inpatient head CT scans during hospitalization were included (n = 60).

Comparison of Slow-Infusion Magnetic Resonance Angiography with Sequential K-Space Filling and Computed Tomography Angiography to Detect the Adamkiewicz Artery.

Background: Radiographic detection of the Adamkiewicz artery (AKA) before aortic surgery helps to avoid spinal cord ischemia (SCI). We applied magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) using gadolinium enhancement (Gd-MRA) by means of the slow-infusion method with sequential k-space filling and compared AKA detectability with that of computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods: A total of 63 patients with thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic disease (30 with aortic dissection [AD] and 33 with aortic aneurysm) who underwent both CTA and Gd-MRA to detect AKA were evaluated.

Early and Post-Treatment Imaging Findings in Perineural Spread: A Pathway to Diffuse Muscle Metastasis in Recurrent Bladder Carcinoma.

Perineural spread (PNS) from pelvic carcinoma has been regarded as a pathway to muscle and bone metastasis. However, few cases have been reported, especially in patients with bladder carcinoma. In the present report, we discuss a case of diffuse cancer involvement in the muscle 5 years after radical cystectomy for advanced bladder carcinoma.

Measurement of Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using Triple-velocity Encoding 4D Flow MR Imaging.

Purpose: The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) estimation based on 4D flow MRI has been currently developed and can be used to estimate the pressure gradient. The objective of this study was to validate the clinical value of 4D flow-based TKE measurement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Methods: From April 2018 to March 2019, we recruited 28 patients with HCM.

A Scoring System That Predicts Difficult Lipoma Resection: Logistic Regression and Tenfold Cross-Validation Analysis.

Introduction: Most lipomas are readily dissected and removed. However, some cases can pose surgical difficulties. This retrospective study sought to identify clinical and radiological risk factors that predict difficult lipoma resection and can be used in a clinically useful scoring system that predicts difficulty preoperatively.

Hemodynamic changes during the obliteration process for cerebral arteriovenous malformations after radiosurgery.

Objective: The process of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) obliteration following radiosurgery is poorly understood. Authors of this retrospective study aimed to assess the changes in AVM hemodynamics after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) by using 3D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to elucidate the process of AVM obliteration.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with AVMs treated with SRS between July 2015 and December 2017 were included in this study and classified into two groups depending on the duration of AVM obliteration: group A, obliteration within 3 years (n = 15); and group B, obliteration taking more than 3 years or no obliteration (n = 9).

Reproducibility of Standardized Uptake Values Including Volume Metrics Between TOF-PET-MR and TOF-PET-CT.

Purpose: To investigate the reproducibility of tracer uptake measurements, including volume metrics, such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and tumor lesion glycolysis (TLG) obtained by TOF-PET-CT and TOF-PET-MR.

Materials And Methods: Eighty consecutive patients with different oncologic diagnoses underwent TOF-PET-CT (Discovery 690; GE Healthcare) and TOF-PET-MR (SIGNA PET-MR; GE Healthcare) on the same day with single dose-18F-FDG injection. The scan order, PET-CT following or followed by PET-MR, was randomly assigned.

Why 4D Flow MRI? Real Advantages.

This special issue of Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences features the most recent reviews on 4D Flow MRI. These reviews deal with the current status of the emerging technique of 4D Flow MRI facilitated in various areas that are difficult to obtain with conventional flowmetry. MR signals inherently contain flow velocity information.

Hemodynamic Parameters for Cardiovascular System in 4D Flow MRI: Mathematical Definition and Clinical Applications.

Blood flow imaging becomes an emerging trend in cardiology with the recent progress in computer technology. It not only visualizes colorful flow velocity streamlines but also quantifies the mechanical stress on cardiovascular structures; thus, it can provide the detailed inspections of the pathophysiology of diseases and predict the prognosis of cardiovascular functions. Clinical applications include the comprehensive assessment of hemodynamics and cardiac functions in echocardiography vector flow mapping (VFM), 4D flow MRI, and surgical planning as a simulation medicine in computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Factors Influencing Long-Term Blood Flow in Extracranial-to-Intracranial Bypass for Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusive Disease: A Quantitative Study.

Background: Maintaining the patency of extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass is critical for long-term stroke prevention. However, reports on the factors influencing long-term bypass patency and quantitative assessments of bypass patency are limited.

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate blood flow in EC-IC bypass using four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate factors influencing the long-term patency of EC-IC bypass.

Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging is useful for assessing hemolytic anemia following surgical repair of type A aortic dissection.

Background: Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) can directly estimate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) which is associated with pressure loss that are not assessable by other imaging modalities.

Methods And Results: A 55-year-old woman developed hemolytic anemia after emergency ascending aortic replacement for acute type A aortic dissection. Although computed tomographic angiography or doppler echocardiography could not identify the culprit stenotic legion, 4D flow MRI revealed jet flow and highly elevated TKE at the highly stenosed proximal anastomosis of a replaced ascending aorta.

A data-driven ultrasound approach discriminates pathological high grade prostate cancer.

Accurate prostate cancer screening is imperative for reducing the risk of cancer death. Ultrasound imaging, although easy, tends to have low resolution and high inter-observer variability. Here, we show that our integrated machine learning approach enabled the detection of pathological high-grade cancer by the ultrasound procedure.

Rapidly progressive brain atrophy in septic ICU patients: a retrospective descriptive study using semiautomatic CT volumetry.

Background: Sepsis is often associated with multiple organ failure; however, changes in brain volume with sepsis are not well understood. We assessed brain atrophy in the acute phase of sepsis using brain computed tomography (CT) scans, and their findings' relationship to risk factors and outcomes.

Methods: Patients with sepsis admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and who underwent at least two head CT scans during hospitalization were included (n = 48).

Ring finger protein 213 c.14576G>A mutation is not involved in internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery dysplasia.

The ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) susceptibility gene has been detected in more than 80% of Japanese and Korean patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), a bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Furthermore, RNF213 has been detected in more than 20% of East Asians with atherosclerotic ICA stenosis. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of RNF213 mutations in congenital occlusive lesions of the ICA system.

c.14576G>A Is Associated with Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Saccular Aneurysms.

A mutation in (c.14576G>A), a gene associated with moyamoya disease (>80%), plays a role in terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (>15%) (ICS). Studies on and cerebral aneurysms (AN), which did not focus on the site of origin or morphology, could not elucidate the relationship between the two.

Utility of 4D Flow MRI in Thoracic Aortic Diseases: A Literature Review of Clinical Applications and Current Evidence.

Despite the recent technical developments, surgery on the thoracic aorta remains challenging and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Decisions about when and if to operate are based on a balance between surgical risk and the hazard of aortic rupture. These decisions are sometimes difficult in elective cases of thoracic aortic diseases, including aneurysms and dissections.