Fabrication of Apparatus Specialized for Measuring the Elasticity of Perioral Tissues.

On the human face, the lips are one of the most important anatomical elements, both morphologically and functionally. Morphologically, they have a significant impact on aesthetics, and abnormal lip morphology causes sociopsychological problems. Functionally, they play a crucial role in breathing, articulation, feeding, and swallowing.

Particle mobility and macroscopic magnetorheological effects for polyurethane magnetic elastomers.

The relationship between the particle mobility and magnetorheological effect was investigated for polyurethane magnetic elastomers containing carbonyl iron particles with various cross-linking densities or plasticizer concentrations. The storage modulus at 0 mT increased and the on-field modulus at 500 mT decreased with the cross-linking density. The critical magnetic field where the storage modulus starts to rise up increased with the cross-linking density, indicating that the movement of magnetic particles is depressed by the cross-linking points of the polyurethane network.

Effect of Water Absorption on Electric Properties of Temperature-Resistant Polymers.

The effects of water absorption on the electric resistivity and dielectric constant of polyimide (PI) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were investigated, and the mechanism of deterioration in electrical insulation properties was discussed. The polyimides are poly(oxydianiline pyromellitimide) (PMDA-ODA) and poly(para-phenylene diamine biphenyltetracarboxydiimide) (BPDA-PDA). These polymer films were immersed in pure water for various immersion times at room temperature, and the water absorption ratio was evaluated.

Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement of Paper Sheets Composited with Carboxymethyl Cellulose.

The mechanical properties for paper sheets composited with glucose (Glc), methyl cellulose (MC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were investigated. The paper composites were prepared by immersing paper sheets in aqueous solutions of these materials and drying at 100 °C for 30 min. The stress-strain curves for these paper composites were measured by a uniaxial tensile apparatus with a stretching speed of 2 mm/min.

Voids induce wide-range modulation of elasticity for magnetic elastomers II.

The magnetic response of dynamic modulus was investigated for polyurethane-based magnetic elastomers densely packed with magnetic particles with different diameters (7 μm and 235 μm). The density indicated that voids were created at volume fractions of magnetic particles above 0.47 (87 wt%) for 7 μm and 0.

Anomalous Magnetorheological Response for Carrageenan Magnetic Hydrogels Prepared by Natural Cooling.

The effect of the cooling rate on magnetorheological response was investigated for magnetic hydrogels consisting of carrageenan and carbonyl iron particles with a concentration of 50 wt.%. For magnetic gels prepared via natural cooling, the storage moduli at 0 and 50 mT were 3.

Extremely Long Chains of Magnetic Particles via Large Plastic Beads Observed in Bimodal Magnetic Elastomers.

The relationship between the magnetorheology of bimodal magnetic elastomers with high concentrations (60 vol %) of plastic beads with diameters of 8 or 200 μm and the meso-structure of the particles was investigated. Dynamic viscoelasticity measurements revealed that the change in storage modulus of the bimodal elastomer with 200 μm beads was 2.8 × 10 Pa at a magnetic field of 370 mT.

Development of a Method for Peeling Off Paper from Celluloid Pictures for Animation Films.

During the storage of celluloid pictures for animation films over half a century, an interleave paper adhered to acrylic paint. The purpose of this study is to establish a methodology to cleanly remove the paper from the paint. A layered film, a replica of the celluloid pictures, adhered with paper was prepared and immersed in water or ethanol.

Voids induce wide-range modulation of elasticity for magnetic elastomers.

The relationship between the magnetorheological effect and the void ratio for a polyurethane magnetic elastomer with voids was investigated using a dynamic viscoelastic measurement under a magnetic field of 500 mT. The magnetic elastomer contains iron particles with a diameter of 235 μm at a concentration of 85 wt% (volume fraction: 0.43).

In Situ Observation of the Movement of Magnetic Particles in Polyurethane Elastomer Densely Packed Magnetic Particles Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Computed Tomography.

In situ observation of the migration and structure formation of magnetic particles in polyurethane elastomers was carried out by X-ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation. The mean diameter of the magnetic particles was 7.0 μm, and the volume fraction was = 0.

Magnetic Response Detects the Strength of Carrageenan Network.

The effect of carrageenan concentration on the magneto-rheological effect of magnetic gels with a magnetic particle concentration of 50 wt.% was investigated under a magnetic field of 50 mT by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The change in the storage modulus for magnetic gels due to the magnetic field was 3.

Stepwise copolymerization of polybenzimidazole for a low dielectric constant and ultrahigh heat resistance.

Bio-based polymer materials having great potential due to the depletion of fossil-fuel resources have been applied as single-use and medicinal materials but their low thermomechanical resistance have limited wider applications. Here, ultrahigh thermoresistant bio-based terpolymers with a low dielectric constant, comprising polybenzimidazole and poly(benzoxazole--aramid), were prepared by a method involving stepwise polycondensation of three monomers, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid for benzimidazoles, 3-amino-4-hydroxylbenzoic acid for benzoxazoles, and 4-aminobenzoic acid for aramids. For optimized monomer compositions, the obtained terpolymers exhibited dielectric constants lower than 3, and a 10% mass loss at approximately 760 °C which is a temperature higher than that for any other polymer material reported so far.

Flowability of Gel-Matrix and Magnetorheological Response for Carrageenan Magnetic Hydrogels.

The relationship between rheological features in the absence of a magnetic field and magnetic response was investigated for κ-carrageenan magnetic hydrogels containing carbonyl iron particles. The concentration of carrageenan was varied from 1.0 to 5.

Interfacial self-assembly of polysaccharide rods and platelets bridging over capillary lengths.

Hypothesis: Generation of long-range ordering of colloidal particles through anisotropic interactions is of growing interest in material designing. At submicron-scale, routine works use synthetic spheres or rods but the knowledge pertaining to assembly of binary combination of particles is severely restricted. Improved understanding of the fundamental aspects that drive self-assembly, can lead to robust strategies for fabrication of topographically oriented films.

Magnetorheological Response for Magnetic Elastomers Containing Carbonyl Iron Particles Coated with Poly(methyl methacrylate).

The magnetorheological response for magnetic elastomers containing carbonyl iron (CI) particles with a diameter of 6.7 μm coated with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated to estimate the diameter of secondary particles from the amplitude of magnetorheological response. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed that the CI particles were coated with PMMA, and the thickness of the PMMA layer was determined to be 71 nm by density measurement.

Efficient Chain Formation of Magnetic Particles in Elastomers with Limited Space.

The magnetic response of the storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers containing magnetic particles with a diameter of 7.0 μm and plastic beads with a diameter of 200 μm were investigated by varying the volume fraction of plastic beads up to 0.60 while keeping the volume fraction of the magnetic particles at 0.

Rheopectic Behavior for Aqueous Solutions of Megamolecular Polysaccharide Sacran.

The rheopectic behavior of sacran aqueous solutions, a natural giant molecular polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 1.6 × 10 g/mol, was investigated. When a low shear was applied to 1.

Magnetic Elastomers with Smart Variable Elasticity Mimetic to Sea Cucumber.

A magnetic-responsive elastomer consisting of magnetic elastomer and zinc oxide with a tetrapod shape and long arms was fabricated mimetic to the tissue of sea cucumber in which collagen fibrils are dispersed. Only the part of magnetic elastomer is active to magnetic fields, zinc oxide plays a role of reinforcement for the chain structure of magnetic particles formed under magnetic fields. The magnetic response of storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers was measured when the magnetic particle was substituted to a nonmagnetic one, while keeping the total volume fraction of both particles.

Electric Volume Resistivity for Biopolyimide Using 4,4'-Diamino-α-truxillic acid and 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.

Biopolyimides poly(ATA-CBDA), made from of 4,4'-diamino-α-truxillic acid dimethyl ester (ATA) and 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA), is synthesized and measured its electric volume resistivity at various experimental conditions. The effects of film size, thickness, drying time, and the electric field strength on electric resistivity are investigated and compared with polyimide (Kapton). The electric resistivity for all polyimide and biopolyimide are distributed in the range of 10-10 Ωcm, which shows that biopolyimide has high electrical insulation as well as polyimide.

Particle Size in Secondary Particle and Magnetic Response for Carrageenan Magnetic Hydrogels.

The relation between the number of magnetic particles and the change in storage modulus induced by a magnetic field was investigated for weak hydrogels containing carbonyl iron, iron oxide, and barium ferrite particles with different diameters in primary particles while maintaining the magnetization of magnetic particles. The change in storage modulus exhibited a power dependency against the number of magnetic particles, which was nearly independent of the magnetic particles. The change in storage modulus was successfully scaled by the reduced number of magnetic particles using the diameter of secondary particles.

Dataset of various characterizations for novel bio-based plastic poly(benzoxazole-co-benzimidazole) with ultra-low dielectric constant.

The data presented in this specified data article comprise of various characterization such as: structural, thermal, elemental etc. to understand the novel structure and specific properties of the bio-based plastic as described in the main research article "High-performance poly (benzoxazole/benzimidazole)bio-based plastics with ultra-low dielectric constant from 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid" [1]. The data of H NMR spectra of two monomers and their HCl salt formation required for polymerization, FT-IR spectra of polymer formation before and after thermal ring-closing and additionally supported by the thermogravimetric plots where mass loss due to water is observed around 400 °C (thermal ring closing temperature).

Chain Structure in a Cross-Linked Polyurethane Magnetic Elastomer Under a Magnetic Field.

The morphology of magnetic particles with a size of 7.0 μm was observed for magnetic elastomers with a concentration of magnetic particles of 70 wt% using an X-ray microscope remolded into high resolution. Computed tomography images revealed that magnetic particles were distributed isotopically in the absence of a magnetic field, but they formed a chain structure in the polyurethane network under a magnetic field of 270 mT.

Railway Actuator Made of Magnetic Elastomers and Driven by a Magnetic Field.

We fabricated a mono-link using bimodal magnetic elastomers that demonstrate drastic changes in the elastic modulus by magnetic fields. The magnetic elastomer is bimodal consisting of large magnetic particles and nonmagnetic fine particles. The storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers was altered from 2.

Micro-deposition control of polysaccharides on evaporative air-LC interface to design quickly swelling hydrogels.

Uniaxial orientation is highly desirable for fabricating advanced soft materials. Liquid crystal (LC) polymer deposition was strategically manipulated at the air-LC interface, by controlling the drying temperature and initial concentration of aqueous solution of xanthan gum in a limited space. Interface-assisted orientation led to membrane-like depositions bridging the millimeter-scale gap between the substrates both, vertically and horizontally.

Effect of Sonication Time on Magnetorheological Effect for Monomodal Magnetic Elastomers.

The effect of sonication time on the storage modulus and particle morphology for magnetic elastomers was investigated by dynamic viscoelastic measurements and morphological studies. An ultrasonic wave using a homogenizer was irradiated to magnetic liquids containing 70 wt % carbonyl iron, for up to 30 min before cure. SEM photographs revealed that magnetic particles were randomly dispersed in the polyurethane matrix for magnetic elastomers with sonication.