Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Objective: Intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are effective treatments for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the treatment for AIS in pregnancy is not established because no clinical trials have included pregnant patients. We present a case of middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 segment occlusion in pregnancy treated with IV thrombolysis and endovascular therapy.

Neural Processing Mechanism of Mental Calculation Based on Cerebral Oscillatory Changes: A Comparison Between Abacus Experts and Novices.

: Abacus experts could mentally calculate fast some mathematical operations using multi-digit numbers. The temporal dynamics of abacus mental calculation are still unknown although some behavioral and neuroimaging studies have suggested a visuospatial and visuomotor neural process during abacus mental calculation. Therefore, this contribution aims to clarify the significant similarities and the differences between experts and novices by investigating calculation-induced neuromagnetic responses based on cerebral oscillatory changes.

Clipping of Recurrent Cerebral Aneurysms After Coil Embolization.

Background And Aims: To assess the technical points of surgical clipping for recurrent aneurysms after coiling, we examine a consecutive series of 14 patients who underwent re-treatment.

Materials And Methods: From 2009 to 2016, 27 recurrent aneurysms after coiling were re-treated with endovascular treatment or surgical clipping. Of these, 14 were re-treated surgically.

A Fully Implantable Wireless ECoG 128-Channel Recording Device for Human Brain-Machine Interfaces: W-HERBS.

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are promising devices that can be used as neuroprostheses by severely disabled individuals. Brain surface electroencephalograms (electrocorticograms, ECoGs) can provide input signals that can then be decoded to enable communication with others and to control intelligent prostheses and home electronics. However, conventional systems use wired ECoG recordings.

Noninvasive spatiotemporal imaging of neural transmission in the subcortical visual pathway.

Spatiotemporal signal transmission in the human subcortical visual pathway has not been directly demonstrated to date. To delineate this signal transmission noninvasively, we investigated the early latency components between 45 ms (P45m) and 75 ms (N75m) of visually-evoked neuromagnetic fields (VEFs). Four healthy volunteers participated in this study.

Frequency-dependent oscillatory neural profiles during imitation.

Imitation is a complex process that includes higher-order cognitive and motor function. This process requires an observation-execution matching system that transforms an observed action into an identical movement. Although the low-gamma band is thought to reflect higher cognitive processes, no studies have focused on it.

Utility of the Lone Star Retractor System in Microsurgical Carotid Endarterectomy.

Background: The retractor system is an important device in carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We applied the Lone Star (LS) Retractor System, which is a self-retaining retractor originally designed for improved visualization in many other surgical fields, in microsurgical CEA.

Methods: The LS disposal retractor (14.

Direct Surgery of Previously Coiled Large Internal Carotid Ophthalmic Aneurysm for the Purpose of Optic Nerve Decompression.

 Progressive visual loss after coil embolization of a large internal carotid ophthalmic aneurysm has been widely reported. It is generally accepted that the primary strategy for this complication should be conservative, including steroid therapy; however, it is not well known as to what approach to take when the conservative therapy is not effective.  We report a case of a 55-year-old female presenting with progressive visual loss after the coiling of a ruptured large internal carotid ophthalmic aneurysm.

Temporospatial identification of language-related cortical function by a combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetoencephalography.

Introduction: Identification of language-related cortical functions can be carried out noninvasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), which allow for lesion-based interrogation and global temporospatial investigation of cortices, respectively. Combining these two modalities can improve the accuracy of the identification, but the relationships between them remain unclear. We compared TMS and MEG responses during the same language task to elucidate their temporospatial relationships and used the results to develop a novel method to identify language-related cortical functions.

Facilitated lexical ambiguity processing by transcranial direct current stimulation over the left inferior frontal cortex.

Previous studies suggest that the left inferior frontal cortex is involved in the resolution of lexical ambiguities for language comprehension. In this study, we hypothesized that processing of lexical ambiguities is improved when the excitability of the left inferior frontal cortex is enhanced. To test the hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

Alpha band functional connectivity correlates with the performance of brain-machine interfaces to decode real and imagined movements.

Brain signals recorded from the primary motor cortex (M1) are known to serve a significant role in coding the information brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) need to perform real and imagined movements, and also to form several functional networks with motor association areas. However, whether functional networks between M1 and other brain regions, such as these motor association areas, are related to the performance of BMIs is unclear. To examine the relationship between functional connectivity and performance of BMIs, we analyzed the correlation coefficient between performance of neural decoding and functional connectivity over the whole brain using magnetoencephalography.

Patient-specific cortical electrodes for sulcal and gyral implantation.

Purpose: Noninvasive localization of certain brain functions may be mapped on a millimetre level. However, the interelectrode spacing of common clinical brain surface electrodes still remains around 10 mm. Here, we present details on development of electrodes for attaining higher quality electrocorticographic signals for use in functional brain mapping and brain-machine interface (BMI) technologies.

Cerebellar-related long latency motor response in upper limb musculature by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum.

In this study, we aimed to identify the cerebellum-related electromyographic (EMG) response that appeared in the upper limbs musculature. Thirty times averaged transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a double-cone coil placed over the cerebellar hemisphere elicited long latency EMG responses at the bilateral extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles. The peak latency of this EMG response was 70.

Possible roles of the dominant uncinate fasciculus in naming objects: a case report of intraoperative electrical stimulation on a patient with a brain tumour.

How the dominant uncinate fasciculus (UF) contributes to naming performance is uncertain. In this case report, a patient with an astrocytoma near the dominant UF was given a picture-naming task during intraoperative electrical stimulation in order to resect as much tumourous tissues as possible without impairing the dominant UF function. Here we report that the stimulations with the picture-naming task also provided some insights into how the dominant UF contributes to naming performance.

[Present status and future development of neurophysiological examination in laboratory medicine].

In 2011, nine brain and six nerve and muscle physiological examinations were covered by the national health insurance in Japan. The greatest recent change was the digitalization of electroencephalography in the neurophysiological laboratory. This change is good for hospital affairs both economically and ecologically.

Regulation of motor representation by phase-amplitude coupling in the sensorimotor cortex.

High-γ amplitude (80-150 Hz) represents motor information, such as movement types, on the sensorimotor cortex. In several cortical areas, high-γ amplitudes are coupled with low-frequency phases, e.g.

A novel PET index, 18F-FDG-11C-methionine uptake decoupling score, reflects glioma cell infiltration.

Unlabelled: The linear correlation between (11)C-methionine PET and tumor cell density is not well conserved at the tumor border in glioma. A novel imaging analysis method, voxelwise (18)F-FDG-(11)C-methionine PET decoupling analysis (decoupling score), was evaluated to determine whether it could be used to quantitatively assess glioma cell infiltration in MRI-nonenhancing T2 hyperintense lesions.

Methods: Data collection was performed in a prospective fashion.

[Portal hepatic lymphadenopathy involved by Rosai-Dorfman disease-like changes in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma].

We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C who presented with a small hepatocellular carcinoma in segment 8 (S8) of liver and a portal hepatic tumor. Transhepatic arterial infusion therapy was performed, followed by partial hepatic resection of S8 and excision of the portal hepatic tumor with lymph node metastasis. Histologically, the lymph nodes showed marked infiltration of large histiocytes with clear cytoplasm and emperipolesis in the specimen stained with hematoxylin-eosin.

Neural decoding of unilateral upper limb movements using single trial MEG signals.

A brain machine interface (BMI) provides the possibility of controlling such external devices as prosthetic arms for patients with severe motor dysfunction using their own brain signals. However, there have been few studies investigating the decoding accuracy for multiclasses of useful unilateral upper limb movements using non-invasive measurements. We investigated the decoding accuracy for classifying three types of unilateral upper limb movements using single-trial magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals.

Differential responses of primary auditory cortex in autistic spectrum disorder with auditory hypersensitivity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential responses of the primary auditory cortex to auditory stimuli in autistic spectrum disorder with or without auditory hypersensitivity. Auditory-evoked field values were obtained from 18 boys (nine with and nine without auditory hypersensitivity) with autistic spectrum disorder and 12 age-matched controls. Autistic disorder with hypersensitivity showed significantly more delayed M50/M100 peak latencies than autistic disorder without hypersensitivity or the control.

Movement-related neuromagnetic fields and performances of single trial classifications.

In order to clarify whether neurophysiological profiles affect the performance of brain machine interfaces (BMI), we examined the relationships between amplitudes of movement-related cortical fields (MRCFs) and decoding performances during movement. Neuromagnetic activities were recorded in nine healthy participants during three types of unilateral upper limb movements. The movement types were inferred by a support vector machine.

Electrocorticographic control of a prosthetic arm in paralyzed patients.

Objective: Paralyzed patients may benefit from restoration of movement afforded by prosthetics controlled by electrocorticography (ECoG). Although ECoG shows promising results in human volunteers, it is unclear whether ECoG signals recorded from chronically paralyzed patients provide sufficient motor information, and if they do, whether they can be applied to control a prosthetic.

Methods: We recorded ECoG signals from sensorimotor cortices of 12 patients while they executed or attempted to execute 3 to 5 simple hand and elbow movements.

Imaging ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxy glucose/¹¹C-methionine uptake decoupling for identification of tumor cell infiltration in peritumoral brain edema.

Discriminating tumor infiltrative and vasogenic brain edema in malignant gliomas is important although challenging in clinical settings. This study challenged this issue by performing voxel-wise analysis of (18)F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) and (11)C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET) in peritumoral brain edemas. The authors studied ten malignant glioma and nine meningioma patients with peritumoral brain edema.

[Hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple lung metastasis resulting in long-term disease-free survival by transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy of SMANCS].

The patient was a 61-year-old female with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, who was admitted to our hospital due to elevation of AFP.During the evaluation, both abdominal ultrasound and enhanced abdominal CT revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma measuring 4 cm in the S6-7 region, complicated with an arteriovenous shunt.Additionally, the lung CT examination showed 20 isolated bilateral lung tumors, all of which were less than 1.