The effects of hibernation and forced disuse (neurectomy) on bone properties in arctic ground squirrels.

Bone loss is a well-known medical consequence of disuse such as in long-term space flight. Immobilization in many animals mimics the effects of space flight on bone mineral density. Decreases in metabolism are also thought to contribute to a loss of skeletal mass.

Repetitive coronal polishing yields minimal enamel loss.

Purpose: The American Dental Hygienists' Association recommends selective polishing because of risk of enamel removal and lack of documented therapeutic value. The initial study documenting enamel loss from polishing used methods not acceptable for clinical use, while results from other studies are inconsistent. This study examines the effect of simulated life-time polishing on enamel thickness.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately and nondestructively measure the body composition of small, free-living rodents.

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a nondestructive technique that can potentially measure specific components of whole-body composition in free-living and lab-raised animals. Our aim was to test the ability of DXA to measure the composition of a common arvicoline rodent, the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus). We used a DXA apparatus to obtain measurements of fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM),bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and fat-free mass(FFM) in carcasses of free-living and lab-raised voles.

The influence of ambient temperature and the energy and protein content of food on nitrogenous excretion in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus).

The diets of frugivorous and nectarivorous vertebrates contain much water and generally have high energy but low protein contents. Therefore, we tested the prediction that to save energy under conditions of high energy demands and high water intake, frugivorous Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) will increase both the absolute quantity and the proportion of ammonia in their urine. We also examined whether such changes occur when protein intake is low and water intake is high.

Changes in the composition of the urine of yellow-vented bulbuls (Pycnonotus xanthopygos): the effects of ambient temperature, nitrogen, and water intake.

Uricotely (uric acid >50% of urinary nitrogen) in birds was once considered ubiquitous. However, Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) have been shown to be an exception to this rule; under conditions of low ambient temperature (T(a)) and on a nitrogen-free diet, they increased their water intake and often became ammonotelic (ammonia >50% of urinary nitrogen). Our aim was to identify the effects of nitrogen intake, water intake, and T(a) on the ammonia excretion of yellow-vented bulbuls (Pycnonotus xanthopygos).

Sugar preferences and xylose metabolism of a mammal pollinator, the Namaqua rock mouse (Aethomys namaquensis).

The sugar preferences of 10 Namaqua rock mice, Aethomys namaquensis, were assessed using pairwise combinations of 30% (w/w) solutions of sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, and a mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose. The tests were designed to control for side biases that were apparent in preliminary experiments. The mice preferred sucrose to fructose and glucose.

A comparison of the nitrogen requirements of the eastern pygmy possum, Cercartetus nanus, on a pollen and on a mealworm diet.

The eastern pygmy possum, Cercartetus nanus, is known to feed both on flower products and on invertebrates. This study compares its ability to meet its nitrogen requirements on pollen and on insect larvae. Captive C.

[Disorders of recognition of emotional and prosodic characteristics of speech in various mental disorders in patients with focal cortical epilepsy].

As many as 99 patients with focal epilepsy were examined for recognition of the emotional-prosodic++ speech characteristics, non-vocal acoustic complexes, acoustic and acoustic vocal memory as well as for noise stability of the acoustic vocal system. The presence, character and intensity of psychopathological abnormalities identified in those patients were estimated at a time. The correlation and factorial analyses made it possible to discover the existence of significant relationships between the two lines of abnormalities.

[Late results of operations in patients with epilepsy with marked mental disorders].

The article reports data concerning 260 patients with epilepsy who were treated by different variants of operations on the open brain. The duration of the catamnesis ranged from 3 to 17 years. It is shown that the results of the treatment are determined by some initial data, in particular, the features of the psychopathological and neuropsychological disorders and their degree.

[Neuropsychological studies in the surgery of epilepsy].

Comparison of the findings of neuropsychological examination with the EEG pattern, the results of psychopathological examination, and the character of the paroxysms showed the high informativeness of standardized neuropsychological diagnostic methods in determining the location of the dominant epileptic focus and predicting the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with epilepsy as well as the transient character of possible disorders of high cortical functions caused by surgical interventions.

[Recognition of emotional states by epileptics from voices].

Seventy-four patients with focal epilepsy were examined by means of a specially devised complex of experimental techniques. It was shown that epileptic involvement of the temporal lobes (in particular the anterior and mediobasal regions) of both hemispheres was associated with disorders of recognition of the emotional coloring of speech and non-speech sound complexes. Maximum disorders in the comparison of unorganized sound rows were observed when the right temporal lobe was involved, in the comparison of emotions when the left lobe was affected.

[Clinico-psychopathologic features of forms of local cortical epilepsy with the predominant lesion in the dominant, subdominant and both cerebral hemispheres].

The author studied 346 patients with different forms of epilepsy among whom 200 were subjected to different operations in relation to an extraction of the epileptogenic foci. The data are concerned with clinico-psychopahtological variants of focal cortical epilepsy with a focus in the temporal, parietal, frontal, occipital lobes and the central zone, a description of relatively characteristic prevalent lesions in the dominant and subdominant hemisphere. In 146 nonoperated patients the author describes some traits of epilepsy in bilateral lesions of the temporal and parietal lobes.