The Prevalence and the Clinical Importance of os vesalianum pedis.

Purpose Of The Study: Os vesalianum pedis (OVP) is a rare accessory bone of the foot located at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. It is usually asymptomatic and incidentally seen on radiographs. When symptomatic, it manifests itself with lateral foot pain.

The incidence of pneumatised inferior turbinate and relation to close anatomic structures.

Background: Pneumatisation of the inferior turbinate (PIT) is a rare abnormality of the paranasal sinus. It is very difficult to differentiate from the hypertrophia of the inferior turbinate clinically. Thus, it is important to be considered, especially in cases with no response to medical treatments.

[Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Protective Effect of Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Extract].

Background: The protective effect of mistletoe extract (Helixor®, HLX) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced acute oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats was evaluated by histological and biochemical methods as well as the comet assay.

Material And Methods: 32 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, HLX group (5 mg/kg body weight (bw), days 1-10, intraperitoneally (i.p.

MRI-based detailed evaluation of the anatomy of the human coccyx among Turkish adults.

Aim: The human coccyx varies considerably in shape and size. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the coccyx on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic individuals among Turkish adults.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on the pelvic magnetic resonance images of 456 adult patients without a history of trauma in the coccyx region.

The Causes of Persistent and Recurrent Nasal Obstruction After Primary Septoplasty.

Objectives: Septoplasty is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in patients with nasal obstruction. However, nasal obstruction may persist or recur after septoplasty in some patients. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the causes of nasal obstruction after septoplasty.

Central region morphometry in a child brain; age and gender differences.

Background: Data on central region morphometry of a child brain is important not only in terms of providing us with information about central region anatomy of the brain but also in terms of the help of this information for the plans to be applied in neurosurgery.

Objective: In the present study, central region morphometry of a child brain in mid-sagittal MR images was analyzed in age and gender groups.

Materials And Methods: Different points determined previously, commissura posterior0 (PC) and the distances between cerebral cortex point (VCS) vertical to commissura anterior- commissura posterior line, sulcus centralis (CS), sulcus marginalis (MS), and the angle (α) between CS-PC-MS were determined and measured together with difference of gender in three different age groups (aged 6-9, 10-13, and 14-17).

Inferior vena cava hypoplasia with right hepatic vein and accessory inferior hepatic vein shunt.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) hypoplasia is a rare condition. Venous blood flow is usually provided through collaterals in the azygos or hemiazygos venous systems. However, portosystemic shunts with intrahepatic venous collateral are extremely rare.

Fenestration of the vertebral artery: case presentation.

Fenestrations of vertebral arteries are considered to be rare abnormalities observed in angiographic and autopsy studies. They result from vascular abnormalities that occur during the embryological development of vertebral artery. Fenestrations of the vertebral artery are vascular structures having 2 different lumens and endothelium layers, sharing either the same or separate adventitia layers.

Radiological evaluation of the styloid process length in the normal population.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the styloid process (SP) length in the normal population using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Materials And Methods: In this study, 160 patients who underwent paranasal MDCT between January 2012 and December 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into groups according to their age and gender: Group 1 age 31-40 years old, 111 subjects; Group 2 age 41-50 years old, 49 subjects; Group A 98 males; Group B 62 females.

Frontal lobe morphometry with MRI in a normal age group of 6-17 year-olds.

Background: Morphometric data of the frontal lobe are important for surgical planning of lesions in the frontal lobe and its surroundings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide suitable data for this purpose.

Objectives: In our study, the morphometric data of mid-sagittal MRI of the frontal lobe in certain age and gender groups of children have been presented.

Evaluation of the length and angulation of the styloid process in the patient with pre-diagnosis of Eagle syndrome.

Clinical symptoms caused by the elongated styloid process (SP) or calcified stylohyoid ligament were first described by W. Eagle and they are now known as Eagle syndrome (ES). Normal length of SP was stated by Eagle as 2.